Importance of Morality in Islam: Development of Moral Values Through Activities by Parents and Teachers As Agents of Change

This study is descriptive in nature and main focus of this paper is to consult Qur’ān and Ahdiths for understanding the concept of morality. Verses from the Holy Qur’ān and sayings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) are consulted to portray a paramount role of parents and teachers that is played as family and public institutions respectively. Moral values like, good manners, respect, loyalty, truth, altruism, reliability, fairness, cooperation, collaboration, honesty, companionship, decency, acceptance, compliance, love, patience and forgiveness are also studied in the light of Qur’ān and Ahdiths. As an end product, inculcation of moral values in youth by their parents and teachers is also delineated.

Phylogenetic Study for the Investigation and Analysis of Uncultured Soil Microbial Diversity of Pakistani Hospital?S Dumping Sites Using Sequence-Based Metagenomic Approach

Hospitals play a vital role in health and well being of humans. However the biomedical waste generated by hospitals pose a serious threat to public health and environment due to their high potential of disease transmission through spread of pathogenic bacterial strains from hospitals dumpsites by any mode of contact. Therefore methods for the analysis of microbial diversity in the environmental samples surrounding the hospitals? dumpsites are required for better understanding of Hospitals Acquired Infections (HAI) transmission. Metagenomics provides solution to this problem through availability of methods that allows the isolation of those microbial DNA from environment that cannot be cultured and hence their role has never been studied in transmission of HAIs. This research study is objected to the investigation of microbial diversity present in the soil surrounding the dumpsites of hospitals in order to construct a profile of bacterial communities present in natural environment of hospitals that may potentially be involved in transmission of HAIs. In this research study the microbial diversity of soil samples taken from 10 different hospital?s waste dumpsites was examined. Direct DNA extraction is performed by using Metagenomic approach with the objective of isolation of not only cultured but un-cultured bacterial communities as well. PCR was carried out for all samples for detection of 16S rRNA gene. Amplified DNA is directed to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. After sequencing the Phylogenetic analysis is performed through Phylogenetic tree rendering for the analysis of evolutionary relatedness of extracted bacterial sequences among themselves and with their possible closest species. The results of this research study have provided with the profile of bacterial species present in the soils surrounding the hospitals? dumping sites and also their evolutionary relatedness with other bacterial species. The results provided by this study have promising contribution in investigation of microbial communities present in hospitals environments and their potential involvement in transmission of HAIs suggests the need of strategies and protocols for proper disposal of biomedical wastes generated by hospitals.