شفیق الرحمن قدوائی
شفیق الرحمن مرحوم اگر چہ شہرت و ناموری کے عام معیار سے کو ئی بڑے آدمی نہ تھے مگر اپنے ایثار و قربانی، اخلاق وکردار، اخلاص و عمل اور خاموش اور بے لوث خدمات کے لحاظ سے بہت سے بڑے بڑے لیڈروں پر فائق تھے، جامعہ ملیہ کے لئے تو انھوں نے اپنی زندگی وقف کردی تھی اور سرد و گرم دور میں بھی اس سے جدا نہ ہو ئے، اور یہ کہنا غلط نہ ہوگا کہ جامعہ انہی کی محنت و جانفشانی کی بدولت زندہ رہ گیا، ظاہر وباطن دونوں میں مسلمان اور اپنے اوصاف کی بنا پر ہر جماعت میں مقبول تھے، کا نگریس اور حکومت دونوں کے سنجیدہ طبقہ میں ان کا بڑا وقار و وزن اور اخلاقی اثر تھا، مگر وہ اتنے بے لوث تھے کہ کبھی اس اثر سے فائدہ اٹھانے کی کوشش نہیں کی، ان کو بنیادی تعلیم کا عملی تجربہ تھا، اس کے وہ ماہر تھے، اس لئے یو این او کی جانب سے اس کام کے لئے انڈونیشیا بھیجے گئے تھے، ابھی وہ وہیں تھے کہ گذشتہ الیکشن میں کانگریس نے ان کو دہلی اسمبلی کے لئے مقرر ہو ئے، مگر اس سے بھی ان کا فائدہ اٹھانے کا موقع نہ مل سکا، تھوڑے ہی دنوں کے بعد بیمار پڑگئے، اور چند مہینے بیمار رہ کر ۳؍ اپریل کو انتقال کیا، انتقال کے وقت کل ۵۳ سال کی عمر تھی جو سیاست کی دنیا میں عین شباب کی عمرہے، مسلمانوں میں اب ایسے مخلص اور باعمل آدمی مشکل سے پیدا ہوں گے، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس پیکر اخلاص کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۵۳ء)
Sexual behavior is any behavior that is driven by sexual desire, whether done alone, with the opposite sex or of the same sex, from feeling attracted, dating, flirting, and having sex. Dating status and sexual behavior are closely related. The increasing age of dating adolescents has an impact on increasing opportunities for sexual behavior. This study aimed to analyze the effect of dating status on sexual behavior in Grade XI at SMA XYZ Medan in 2020. This research was mixed method. The population was 413 adolescents, the sample used accidental sampling technique. For quantitative, there are 80 teenagers, including 39 boys and 41 girls. And 6 qualitative informants including teenagers who are dating, peers and teachers. Quantitative data were analyzed by using statistical tests with univariate, bivariate and triangulation. The results showed that the cross-tabulation value of the effect of dating status on sexual behavior in adolescents was p (0.000) <α (.05). There was an effect of dating status on sexual behavior in adolescents. Based on the qualitative results, the key informants stated that they were dating and had committed various sexual behaviors with their boyfriends, while the supporting informants, namely peers, stated that they were close friends with the key informants, knew the dating status and had seen sexual behavior carried out by the key informants. The conclusion that sexual behavior in adolescents at SMA XYZ was found. It is hoped that adolescents will maintain a friendly environment in social interactions and be more active in positive activities, so that unbeneficial activities such as those related to dating and sexual behavior can be avoided.
Exploration of genetic variation in natural population with subsequent selection for improved salt tolerance is an excellent strategy to utilize salt affected soils. In order to assess inter-accesional variation for salt tolerance in Panicum miliaceum L., 18 local accessions were screened at germination, seedling (0, 60, 120 and 180 mM NaCl)and adult stage by growing at varying levels of NaCl. In a set of 18 accessions of Panicum miliaceum accessions 008208, 008210 and 008215 were tolerant and accession 008216 salt sensitive at both these initial growth stages, while accession 008230 was tolerant at germination stage but intermediate at the seedling stage. Although the degree of salt tolerance in some accessions of P. miliaceum maintained at two early growth stages, it varied in most of the accessions at both initial growth stages. Moreover, none out of 18 available accessions of P. miliaceum was able to maintain the degree of salt tolerance consistently at all growth stages, i.e. germination, seedling and adult vegetative growth stages. Net CO 2 assimilation rate (A) was positively correlated with salt tolerance in terms of growth and yield. From the data for gas exchange attributes, photosynthetic pigments, ion accumulation it is suggested that lower transpiration rate (E) and higher water use efficiency (WUE measured as A/E) in salt tolerant P. miliaceum accessions seems to be responsible for lower rates of uptake and accumulation of Na + in photosynthetic tissues that resulted in higher photosynthetic efficiency and hence salt tolerance. Moreover, from the data for correlations among each of A, g s , C i and E in P. miliaceum accessions it is suggested that salt-induced decline in photosynthetic efficiencywas found to be associated partially with stomatal factors. Generally, P. miliaceum accessions having better plant water status and lower Na + accumulation had lower oxidative damage and higher photosynthetic capacity. It was suggested that extent of Na + accumulation in the leaves determine the activities of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic capacity, indicating that ROS detoxification is only one of the important components salt-stress tolerance. Taken overall, considerable intra-specific variation for salt tolerance was observed in P. miliaceum accessions. Reduction in growth and grain yield of all accessions were due to high accumulation of Na + and Cl - , low RWC, and low photosynthetic rate. Of these physiological attributes, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll ‘a’, Na + exclusion and K + /Na + ratio were considered as potential physiological indicators for salt tolerance in P. miliaceum can be used in breeding programs meant for improving salt tolerance