مولانا مفتی محمد شفیع
ابھی پاکستان ریڈیو سے یہ خبر وحشت اثرمعلوم کرکے سخت صدمہ اور رنج ہوا کہ مولانا مفتی محمد شفیع صاحب کا قلب کی حرکت کے بند ہوجانے سے انتقال پُرملال ہوگیا۔ دارالعلوم دیوبند کے جو حضرات ِاساتذہ راقم الحروف کے بھی اساتذہ تھے، حضرت مفتی صاحب اُن کی آخری یادگار تھے، اب وہ بھی نہیں رہے۔ اِنَّالِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْن۔
داغِ فراق صحبتِ شب کی جَلی ہوئی
اک شمع رہ گئی تھی سو وہ بھی خموش ہے
دیوبند میں دو خاندان علم وفضل اوردینی خدمات وفیوض کے اعتبارسے بہت نمایاں ہیں، ایک عثمانی اوردوسرا صدیقی۔ مفتی صاحب مرحوم اول الذکر خاندان کے گل سر سبد تھے۔ مولانا محمد یٰسین صاحب جودارالعلوم دیوبند میں درجۂ فارسی کے صدر المدرسین اور نہایت باکمال استاذ تھے، وہ آپ کے والدِ ماجد تھے۔ ۱۳۱۳ھ میں پیدا ہوئے، از اول تاآخر پوری تعلیم دارالعلوم میں پائی، ۱۳۳۵ھ میں فراغت پائی۔اس زمانہ میں دارالعلوم کاآفتاب جہاں تاب نقطۂ عروج پر تھا، اس بناء پر مفتی صاحب کواکابر علماء ومشائخ دیوبند سے استفادہ کا بہترین موقع ملا۔کہتے ہیں چراغ سے چراغ روشن ہوتا ہے، لیکن جہاں علم و عمل کے چند در چند شمع ہاے روشن مصروف انجمن آرائی ہوں تواُن کی فیض رسانی کا عالم کیا ہوگا! ذہانت، ذوق، علم وجستجو اورمحنت وکاوش کاملکہ خداداد تھا اس لیے مفتی صاحب جب فارغ ہوئے تودارالعلوم کے قابلِ فخر فرزند تھے۔ فراغت کے بعد حضرت مولانا مفتی ۔۔؟ الرحمن صاحب عثمانیؒ کی نگرانی اورتربیت کے زیرِ سایہ دارالافتاء میں ؟کام کیا اور درس وتدریس کی خدمت بھی انجام دی، یہاں تک کہ دونوں شعبوں میں ؟نام پیدا کیا، اوراب خود اکابرِ دیوبند میں اُن کا شمار ہونے لگا۔ اگرچہ تمام علوم وفنون متداولہ میں پختہ اور ٹھوس استعداد کے مالک تھے ،لیکن خاص فن فقہ تھا اور اس مناسبت سے تفقہ...
Islam lays emphasis on social justice and sharing of resources between the haves and the have-nots. In order to create such a balanced socio-economic environment, the inter-class lending is considered to be a way forward ethical activity. Qard is a gratuitous contract in which one gives a certain homogeneous wealth to other against the condition of returning of similar value of wealth upon demand or after termination of payback period. As per Sharia'h, the Qard should not bring any return or benefit for the lender because that would be equivalent to Ribâ. Therefore the lender cannot charge or demand any extra amount against the extension on the payback period awarded to the poor borrower. Furthermore, Islam considers the difference between debtors who default by procrastination and those who default by necessity. The Holy Qur'an, in principal, recommends having compassion for the poor barrowers and giving them the grace period till they have the capacity to payback. In such scenario the Muslim lenders perceive that the Islam has set unilateral direction in favor of borrowers only. Therefore the lenders feel that they are handicapped or helpless and found themselves in a strangled situation. This study is designed to solve the dilemma of lenders and explore risk mitigation strategies in case of insolvency of borrowers. The verses from the Holy Qur'an & Hadith of the Messenger (PBUH) and also work of prominent Sharia'h Scholars were considered to form a comprehensive guideline to mitigate the lender’s risk. Hence it has been proved that the Islam has given legal rights to the lender and allows some practical recovery strategies & tactics to recover the funds from the underprivileged borrowers. This study will play a key role in risk mitigation for default and late payments.
Antinematicidal resistance has been arising among the gastrointestinal nematodes, primarily Haemonchus (H.) contortus in small ruminants to the commercialized broad- spectrum synthetic chemotherapeutics in Pakistan and other countries of the world. Therefore, the current study, which was carried out on the Karakul breed of sheep in Angora Goat Farm - Rakh Khairewala, Layyah District (Pakistan) , began with the intention of finding out the rampancy of resistance among H. contortus populations in addition to assessing some native medicinal plant extracts for their potency to control the resistant parasite. The experimental animals were allocated to 16 groups (n=15) followed by the demonstration of haemonchosis percentage (˃90%) among other nematodiasis. Three groups were allotted for detection of resistance towards oxfendazole (OXF), levamisole (LEV) HCL and ivermectin (IVM) plus one group for control. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) revealed prevalence of resistance to the above drugs with varying levels. Pursuant to the RESO Computer Programme, the calculated FECR% was -56, 75 and78, whilst the lower confidence interval was -311, 38 and 42 for OXF, LEV and IVM, respectively. The LC50 value for oxfendazole, estimated via probit analysis, was 1.86 μg ml 1 ־after performing egg hatch assay (EHA). For studies on phytotherapeutics, 12 groups (n=15) were allotted. However, the same control group was used because, statistically, all the groups are located within the same population. The calculated FECR% for effective crude aqueous-methanol extracts of the tested plants was 94.59, 88.6, 87.5, 85.81 and 85.14 for combined Nicotiana (N.) tabacum leaves and Azadirachta (A.) indica seed kernels, high dose of N. tabacum, low dose of N. tabacum, high dose of combined N. tabacum and Vernonia (V.) anthelmintica seeds, and A. indica, respectively. LC50 values, determined through probit analysis after conducting EHA, were 0.523, 0.566, 1.169, 1.217, 3.138, and 5.95 μg ml 1 ־for combined N. tabacum and A. indica, N. tabacum, A. indica, combined N. tabacum and V. anthelmintica, combined V. anthelmintica and A. indica, and V. anthelmintica respectively. The adult motility test revealed high adulticidal potency of solitary N. tabacum and combined N. tabacum and A. indica which killed 100% of worms after six hours of exposure at the concentration of 25 mg ml ,1 ־whilst the others were less effective. No synergy, additive effect and antagonism were observed.