مولانا مفتی عمیم الاحسان صاحب مجددی برکتی
ڈھاکے ایک خط سے ابھی چند روز ہوئے یہ معلوم کرکے بے حد افسوس ہواکہ مولانا مفتی سید عمیم الاحسان صاحب مجددی برکتی داعی اجل کولبیک کہہ کراس خاکدان عالم سے رخصت ہوگئے۔ مولانا اپنے زمانے کے بلندپایہ اور وسیع النظر ومحقق عالم تھے۔ فقہ وحدیث آپ کے خاص فن تھے جن میں بڑی گہری نظر رکھتے تھے۔درس کے علاوہ افتا اورتصنیف وتالیف کابھی مشغلہ تھااور اسی سلسلے میں متعدد اہم کتابیں آپ کے قلم کی مرہون رقم ہیں۔ علاوہ ازیں نہایت متقی، متورع اورصاحب باطن بھی تھے۔زندگی کاایک بڑاحصہ کلکتہ میں بسر ہوا۔تقسیم کے بعد ڈھاکہ چلے گئے اوروہاں کے مدرسۂ عالیہ میں پروفیسر حدیث وفقہ ہوگئے تھے۔ ڈھاکہ میں عید کی نماز مولانا نے ہی پڑھائی تھی۔اس کے بعد طبیعت خراب ہوگئی جس کاسلسلہ دس روز تک چلتارہا یہاں تک کہ ۲۷/اکتوبر کوساڑھے چاربجے صبح طائر روح قفس عنصری سے پرواز کرگیا۔ ناظم ندوۃ المصنفین اورایڈیٹر برہان سے بڑی محبت کرتے اورخلوص رکھتے تھے اس لیے ہم لوگوں کے لیے یہ ذاتی حادثہ بھی ہے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ انھیں کروٹ کروٹ جنت عطاکرے اوران کے مدراج ومراتب بڑھائے۔آمین ثم آمین [نومبر۱۹۷۴ء]
Money and its Compensation: An Analysis with Respect to Capitalism and Islamic Economic System In trade and commerce, money has remained the backbone of the business and trade. From the beginning to the end, money is an indispensable part of every economic activity. For this importance, money is treated as a factor of production. But the question is what is meant by money and whether the value of money can be recognized as a land, house, shop, car, bungalow and merchandise goods? And then what is the status if it is in the form of interest and it is linked to inflation? The research article underlines the key aspect regarding money and its compensation in the perspective of capitalistic and Islamic economic system. The qualitative and analytical approach was applied in this article. A literature review concluded that time value of money in capitalistic economy is unlimited while the Islamic economic system does not recognize its value in form of interest and with the association of inflation rate. It is recommended that business to be done on a profit and loss basis, rather than on debt and interest and instead of linking money to the inflation rate, alternatives should be proposed, for example if a person wants to take the loan, he should be given what he needs on cost plus profit basis.
This study aimed at investigating the effects of Contextualization and Concept Mapping on Expository Writing skill at Intermediate Level. The study was delimited to Intermediate students of Government Girls Higher Secondary School, City D. G. Khan. Many strategies are used to improve expository writing skills of the students. Contextualization and Concept Mapping are one of them. Contextualization relates new knowledge with students own previous experience. Contextualization helps the learner in understanding target language. Concept Mapping is systematic graphic structure which helps the students in organization of knowledge. It is like preparing an outline for writing. The positive results of previous studies led the researcher to study the effects of Contextualization and Concept Mapping in her own context and situation. The study is significantly important as the findings can be extended to the similar situations by the teachers, learners, educationists, course designers and curriculum developers. The main part of the study was experimental in design where pretest-posttest control group design was applied to show the relationship between dependent and independent variables. One control and two experimental groups were ix randomly selected to conduct the experiment. The attitude towards contextualization and concept mapping was measured through opinionnaire from students. The sample for experiment was taken from Government Girls Higher Secondary School, City D. G. Khan. Total 60 students were taken out of 100 enrolled students to make an average ability group sample and then were divided randomly into three groups, twenty students comprising each. Two groups were experimental and one was control. The opinions of the students were taken to validate the results of experiment conducted. All the tools were developed personally and all the data was also collected in person. Study commenced with the test of proficiency level of students in the subject of English that was measured through Preliminary English Test and then students were randomly divided into three groups. The control group received instruction through traditional lecture method whereas intervention course of contextualization and concept mapping was applied on experimental groups. Data was collected through pretest-posttest, intervention course and opinionnaire and analyzed through applying SPSS 20 tool. T-test, descriptive statistics and post hoc test were employed to extract results. The responses of students were measured through descriptive statistics and percentages. The findings of the study include: contextualization and concept mapping strategies were more effective to improve expository writing skill of the students than traditional method. The findings signify that improvement in students’ writing is because of the treatment through contextualization and concept mapping. The opinions of students also confirmed that they considered contextualization and concept mapping as effective strategies for teaching expository writing. x The study led to the recommendations regarding implementation of Contextualization and concept mapping in different contexts and disciplines to diverse group of students at different grade levels. These strategies can be included in all level of training courses for teachers as well as for researchers. The researchers may expand their researchers with contextualization and concept mapping with different delimitations.