مولانا محمد ناظم ندوی
اخباروں سے یہ افسوس ناک خبر ملی کہ ماہ جون ۲۰۰۰ء مین مشہور عالم اور عربی زبان و ادب کے قابل ادیب و شاعر جناب مولانا محمد ناظم ندوی کا پاکستان میں انتقال ہوگیا۔ اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔
وہ دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے اس روشن دور کی آخری نشانی تھے جو حضرت مولانا سید سلمان ندوی کی سرپرستی اور مولانا حیدر حسن خاں ٹونکی اور علامہ تقی الدین ہلالی مراکشی کی تربیت و محنت سے سب سے زیادہ فیضیاب ہوا، گزشتہ صدی کی تیسری، چوتھی دہائی میں مولانا مسعود عالم ندوی، مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی، مولانا عبدالسلام قدوائی ندوی، مولانا ابواللیث اصلاحی ندوی، مولانا محمد عمران خاں ندوی اور مولانا محمد اویس ندوی رحمہم اﷲ جیسے سیارگان علم و فضل ایک ہی وقت میں برج سلیمانی میں جمع ہوگئے تھے، مولانا محمد ناظم ندوی بھی اس مجموعہ نجوم کے تابناک ستارے تھے۔ انہوں نے خاص طور پر علامہ ہلالی مراکشی سے استفادہ کیا۔ اس باب میں وہ مولانا مسعود عالم ندوی اور مولانا سید ابوالحسن ندوی کے بعد ثالث ثلثہ ہوئے۔
بہار کا مردم خیز خطہ مونگیر ان کا وطن تھا، گھر اور پٹنہ کے مدرسہ شمس الہدیٰ میں تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد وہ انیس بیس سال کی عمر میں دارالعلوم ندوہ میں اعلیٰ تعلیم کے لئے داخل ہوئے، فراغت حاصل کرنے کے بعد وہ ڈابھیل کی اس درس گاہ میں درس و تدریس کے لئے منتخب کئے گئے جو اس وقت مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی اور مولانا محمد یوسف بنوری جیسے جلیل القدر علماء کی موجودگی سے مرکز نگاہ بنی ہوئی تھی، کئی سال گزارنے کے بعد وہ حضرت سید صاحب کی خواہش پر ندوہ میں عربی زبان و ادب کے استاد کی حیثیت سے واپس تشریف لائے اور تقسیم ہند تک یہیں رہے، پاکستان بنا تو انہوں نے...
The Prophet (P.B.U.H), born in 571 A.D at Makkah, came to enlighten this world with divine guidance and to transform this world from the clutches of immoralities and sins to pinnacle of piety and ethics. He lived in this world for almost 63 years and brought revolutionary changes which no one even could think of. But this task was not easy, he suffered the most and sacrificed everything to raise and proclaim the words of Allah. He set an example for others to follow. This article is all about his life in Madinah with regard to his dealing with the arch enemies of Islam who were his own natives “The Makkans”. Prophet (P.B.U.H) settled in Madinah and established Islamic society so as to enable everyone to spend life in accordance with the divine guidance. Here, he signed treaty with the Jews created Muakhaat for Mohajirin and Ansars. On the other hand, Makkans could not stand this development. So, they imposed battles on Muslims and Muslims had no options except Jihad. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) fought many battles with Makkans. However, no innocent was executed during these incidences. This shows the dynamic teachings of Islam. This article gives brief events of these battles besides revelations which came to Prophet in the line of duty to motivate and guide Muslims. It took almost eight years for Prophet to excel Makkans.
Phytosociological and Ethnobotanical Profile of Subtropical Vegetation of Darazinda, Frontier Region, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan This study was conducted i n o r d e r to assess the ecological resources of Darazinda F. R. Dera Ismail Khan during 2013- 2014 in various seasons. The floristic diversity showed presence of 213 species belonging to 68 families in which 46 species were monocotyledons and 163 species were Dicotyledons. Based on number of species, Poaceae (37Spp), Asteraceae (19Spp), Solanaceae (12 Spp), Brassicaceae (10Spp) and Papilionaceae (9 Spp) were the leading families. Life spectrum showed that therophytes were dominant followed by hemicryptophytes. Leaf size spectrum showed nanophylls and Leptophylls were dominant. Cuscuta reflexa and Cistinche tubelosa were the two parasitic plants in the area. Phenological study showed that March was the highest flowering season as 24% of the plants blossomed. High fruiting was recorded in the month of April and June. Dominancy of vegetative phase was dominant in March followed by December and February. July and November were the two dormant seasons observed in the investigated area. The first dormant period extended from July to December with 62 Spp. (29.1%) while second dormant period was observed in October with 55 species (28.8%) in which the temperature slowly decreased facilitating leaf fall. Vegetation structure of the area showed 20 plant communities in five habitats during different seasons. Qualitative analysis showed that 116 species were present throughout the year, in which 7 were trees, 17 shrubs and 92 were herbs. During autumn season 71 species were present, while, 73 species were present during winter, 87 species during spring and 68 species in summer. Similarity index between autumn and winter was 62.3%, spring-autumn 54.5%, spring-winter 79.1%, summer-autumn 53.8%, summer-winter 72.8%, summer-spring was 60.3%. Different communities like Achyranthus biclentata-Tamarix aphylla–Tamarix dioica, Salvadora oleoidesPeriploca aphylla-Withania coagulans, Calotropis procera-Rhazya stricta-Capparis spinosa etc were recorded. Cluster analysis showed 4 associations among 20 communities. Edaphology Of five sights (Bargholi, Pasta, Anghar ghara, Sin ghar and Sur ghar) showed the soil was mostly clay loam, with occasional gravel sandy soil having pH 7.3, EC between 0.37-0.89. Palatability study indicated that 52 plants (24.4%) were non-palatable, 105 (49.2%) palatable, 23 (10.7%) highly palatable, 6 (2.8%) moderate palatable, 14 (6.5%) low palatable while 13 (6%) were rarely palatable. Live stock preference showed that cow preferred 47 (22%), goat 96 (45%), sheep 92 (43.2%) and camel 34 (16%). For palatability condition of plants showed that fresh plants were 100 (47%), dry form 24 (11.2%) and both fresh and dry form were 36 (17%) while the plants parts used by the grazing animals showed that whole plant were 89 spp. (42%), leaf of 64 (30%) and inflorescence of 3spp. (1.4%) were used by grazing animals. Eight palatable species were analyzed for macro and micro minerals in three phenological stages i-e Pre-reproductive, reproductive and post reproductive stages which showed that Ca, Al, P, N, S, Na, K, Mg were macro and Fe, Si, Cu and Cl were micro minerals. Nutritional analysis showed that moisture, ash contents, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and carbohydrate contents were non-significant at three phenological stages of herbs and woody species. Ethnobotanically 198 plant species were used for different purposes, like agriculture applications (2%), fodder (65%), fuel (15%), making furniture (4%), fruit yielding (6%), medicinal(55%), timber (5%), vegetables (13%) and fencing plants (4%). Conservation assessment revealed that 49 plant species (31.4%) were vulnerable, 49 species (31.4%) endangered, 33 (21.1%) species were rare and 25 species (16%) were infrequent due to excessive collection, over grazing and other human influences.