آہ! سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن!!
مسند شبلی و سلیمان اجڑ گئی
جناب سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن ناظم دارالمصنفین و اڈیٹر معارف ہم سب کو چھوڑ کر اب خدائے رحمان کے آغوش رحمت میں چلے گئے، گذشتہ ماہ ۱۸؍ نومبر کو ٹیلیفون اور ریڈیو سے دن میں دو ڈھائی بجے کے درمیان ان کی المناک شہادت کی خبر دارالمصنفین میں بجلی بن کر گری اور ان کے متعلقین و وابستگان دارالمصنفین کی امیدوں اور آرزوؤں کے خرمن کو خاک و سیاہ کرگئی، مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ، مولانا عبدالسلام ندویؒ اور مولانا شاہ معین الدین احمد ندویؒ کے بعد دارالمصنفین کی بزم علم و ادب اسی چراغ سے روشن تھی لیکن افسوس کہ باد حوادث کے جھونکوں نے اسے بھی گل کردیا:
صبح تک تو نے نہ چھوڑی وہ بھی اے باد صبا
یادگار گل شمع تھی کل تک جو پروانے کی خاک
وہ بالکل ٹھیک تھے، ۱۰؍ نومبر کو لکھنؤ روانہ ہونے سے پہلے فجر بعد ہی مجھے نومبر کے معارف کے شذرات دیے اور ۹ بجے دن میں انھیں کاتب کے حوالے کرنے کی تاکید کی اور عین روانگی کے وقت فرمایا کہ ۱۹؍ نومبر کے بعد واپس ہوں گا، میں ان کی مشایعت کے لیے ان کے پیچھے ہوگیا تو مڑکر میری جانب دیکھا اور فرمایا کہ بیٹھیے! میں نے مصافحہ کے لیے ہاتھ بڑھایا تو انھوں نے مصافحہ کرتے ہوئے خدا حافظ کہا اور آگے بڑھ گئے، میری طبیعت نہ مانی اور میں ان کو رخصت کرنے کے لیے پھاٹک تک گیا، وہاں دوسرے رفقاء اور وابستگان دارالمصنفین بھی ان کو رخصت کرنے کے لیے پہلے سے موجود تھے، سب سے رخصت ہوکر وہ رکشہ پر بیٹھ کر روانہ ہوگئے، ۲۰؍ نومبر کو جمعہ تھا، جمعہ چھوٹ جانے کے اندیشہ سے وہ اس دن سفر نہیں کرتے، اس لیے خیال تھا کہ ۲۱؍ نومبر...
In a Social Studies, students' academic motivation and attitudes will be useful to their academic progress. If a student is enthusiastic about a subject, he or she will do better in class and learn faster. There have been a lot of studies that have looked into students' academic motivation and attitudes toward social studies, but there does not appear to be any study that focuses on the learners themselves. This quantitative study aims to determine the level of academic motivation as well as the attitude toward social studies of 458 secondary students from public schools using the Academic Motivation Scale High School Version and Secondary Students Attitudes Towards Social Studies Scale. It also looked at whether there was a significant difference in academic motivation and attitude toward social studies when respondents were sorted by gender. Finally, it investigates the link between academic motivation and attitude towards social studies. Students are found to be "highly motivated" in terms of academic motivation and have a “positive attitude” toward social studies, according to the findings. Furthermore, when respondents were divided into gender groups, no significant differences in academic motivation and attitude toward social studies were found. Finally, academic motivation and attitude toward social studies show a significant favorable relationship.
This study examines the relationship of capital structure and financial sustainability of Microfinance Banks of Pakistan by using the panel data of 9 years from 2009 to 2014. The long-term stability and survival of an institution with its own financial resources, without donations and grants, depends on several factors. The capital structure is an important determinant of the financial sustainability of institutions. Moreover, microfinance characteristics such as management inefficiency, loan intensity, portfolio at risk, size of company, breadth of outreach and deposit mobilization also have a vital effect on financial sustainability. This study also focuses on these important characteristics of MFBs as a determinant of financial sustainability. Due to the availability of limited literature of financial sustainability and capital structure of microfinance institutions particularly as in case of Pakistan, this study has been conducted as an effort to find an empirical investigation about this relationship. Pooled Ordinary least squares (OLX) method for regression is applied after using the Hausman test and Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian test. Auto correlation, Multi co-linearity and Heteroscedasticity of panel data have been also checked. The study found a significant negative relation between borrowing of assets and financial sustainability. However, deposits which are used as a short term debt in the capital structure of MFBs and leverage have no significant effect on financial sustainability. Moreover, size of company, loan intensity and breadth of outreach has a positive significant effect on financial sustainability. However, management inefficiency has negatively affected financial sustainability. Moreover, deposit mobilization and Portfolio at risk have not found any significant effect on financial sustainability.