مولانا اختراحسن اصلاحی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ مولانا اختر احسن صاحب اصلاحی مہتمم مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر نے انتقال کیا، وہ مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ کے ارشد تلامذہ میں تھے، ان کو انھوں نے اپنی مخصوص طرز پر کلام مجید پر غور و فکر اور اس کی تفسیر و تاویل کی تعلیم دی تھی اور وہ اس کے اچھے شارح و ترجمان تھے، اور سیاست میں بھی پوری دستگاہ حاصل تھی، دینداری اور زہد میں بھی استاد بزرگ کے شاگرد رشید تھے، انھوں نے پوری زندگی نہایت سادگی اور قناعت کے ساتھ ایک قلیل معاوضہ پر مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی خدمت میں گذار دی، اس زمانہ میں غربت و عسرت کے ساتھ علم و دین کی خدمت صرف عربی مدارس کا حصہ ہے وہ طبعاً نیک نفس، خاموش، عزت پسند اور نام و نمود سے بے نیاز تھے، ورنہ ان کے بعض رفقاء کی طرح ان کا شمار بھی مشاہیر میں ہوتا، مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی روح رواں اب وہی تھے، وفات کے وقت پچپن سال کے قریب عمر رہی ہوگی، اﷲ تعالیٰ علم و دین کے اس خادم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۵۸ء)
It is an admitted fact that Islam is “Universal Din” and a complete code of life. Its universality and conciseness is proved from Quran itself. Quran identifies the universality and surmounts it upon all over other Ady┐n and says, “And He sends his messenger along with righteousness and fait Din-e- ╓aq, so that surpass it upon other Dins, though it will be unpleasant for the polytheists”. The Holy verses shows and argues that Dine- Islam is a superior to all other Dins, it may be through love, arguments, conclusiveness or through state and governed on its completion Quran says, “Today I completed your “Din” for you along with all the blessings and liked Islam as a Din for you”. In a nutshell, the above two mentioned the Holy verses indicate clearly the universality and comprehensiveness, because the “Din” which will be superior and must be universal and precise. Islam is the only religion which is beneficial for all mankind in each and every aspect. Its universality is declared that it is a surety for mankind prosperity. Allah says in His Holy Book, “The Holy Quran” that do justice as it is more nearer to piousness. Allah has described “Justice twenty six times His Holy Book and it is also among one of His qualities. All these show the importance of justice.
Tomato is one of the most demanding crops in terms of water and fertilizer inputs. To meet irrigation water demand, growers use surface and ground water resources. These resources are in decline. Realizing the importance of water, tomato yield under deficit irrigation regimes, and different Nitrogen (N) levels, was studied during 2015 and 2016 at the research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, using factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD). These factors were four irrigation levels; full irrigation (I0), 15% deficit (I15), 30% deficit (I30) and 45% deficit (I45); and four nitrogen doses;100% of recommended dose (120 kg ha-1) (N100), 85% of recommended dose (N85), 70% of recommended dose (N70) and 55% of recommended dose (N55). Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) was used for soil moisture monitoring. Io was based on 30% of management allowed deficit. Current study results indicated that deficit irrigation (I15, I30 and I45) had significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height, number of fruits per plant, leaf area index (LAI), total yield, marketable yield, water productivity, nitrogen uptake, Potash uptake (K) and Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Compared to I45, full irrigation enhanced, number of fruits per plant, LAI, total yield, marketable yield, N uptake, K uptake and NUE by 34, 30, 24, 25, 13, 15.5 and 24%, respectively. Water productivity was 25.8% higher for I45 compared to I0. Effect of deficit irrigation on dry-to-fresh weight ratio, days to 50% flowering, individual fruit weight and Phosphorous (P) uptake was found to be non-significant. Effect of Nitrogen doses number of fruits per plant, LAI, total yield and NUE was found to be highly significant. However, the effect on dry-to-fresh weight ratio, plant height, days to 50% flowering, individual fruit weight, marketable yield, water productivity and NPK uptake were found to be non-significant. Maximum dry-to-fresh weight ratio (0.83) was recorded for N70, maximum plant height (77.7 cm) was obtained under N85, maximum number of days to 50% flowering (42.3) were recorded for N100, highest individual fruit weight (66.6 g) was obtained in N85, while P uptake (10.2 kg ha- 1) was obtained in N85 and maximum NUE (414) was recorded for N55. Recommended dose of Nitrogen (N100) enhanced number of fruits per plant (12.6%), LAI (22.8%), total yield (8%), marketable yield (6.9%), water productivity (6.3%), N (5.3%) and K uptake (9.8%) compared to N55. Deficit irrigation increased the risk of fruit damage in tomato plants. Water productivity decreased with increasing irrigation levels. Nitrogen and potash uptake were increased with increasing irrigation levels, while phosphorous uptake was not significantly affected. Increasing irrigation and Nitrogen doses increased the risk of nitrate leaching beyond the root zone, making it unavailable for plant uptake. Full irrigation and Nitrogen (120 kg ha-1) is recommended for higher total yields, however, 45% less nitrogen can be applied through a drip irrigation system without compromising marketable yield. In areas where water is a scarce commodity, highest water productivity can be achieved with 45% deficit irrigation. Simulation of Nitrate leaching with HYDRUS-1D showed that with decreased irrigation levels below field capacity, and with the recommended dose of Nitrogen, nitrate leaching was higher than with reduced Nitrogen doses and full irrigation. Increasing irrigation levels above field capacity with recommended dose of Nitrogen showed higher nitrate leaching than increasing Nitrogen doses above recommended dose of Nitrogen and full irrigation. HYDRUS-1D can be efficiently used for nitrate leaching simulation.