صفات الخطباء و مراعاة السامعين لتامين السلام في الجمتمعات الاسلامية

The religious sermon and the speaker play a keyrole in the Islamic societies in shaping and orienting the opinions, beliefs, approach and behavior of the masses. Addressing people is a great responsibility, for which the speakers will be held accountable to Allāh Almighty. Therefore, a speaker of Islām must be equipped with sound knowledge of Islām and well acquainted with the present time, too. Moreover, he must possesstherequired temperament of tolerance, compassion and consideration, while speaking to his audience. The example of the Holy Prophet Muḥammad(r) provides a complete model of conduct for today’s speakers. We notice that audiences are moved with the eloquence of the speakers. A careless speaker may drive his audience into the abyss of disappointment, alienation from Islām, terrorism andextremism, etc. ; On the other hand, he can alleviate their ignorance, reshape them to become the desired peaceful Muslims through his power of speech and influence of his character. In this paper, the author, tried to make the Islamic speakers realize their duties in respect of their audience in the light of the Sunnah of the Prophet(r).

Quality Assurance of Medium Scale Projects Using Dxprum Methodology

Agile methods are being used as a new way of developing software. They are basically used to fasten software development cycle by keeping an eye on its quality. Using Agile methods in any project along with quality assurance perspective is a crucial task. Many software developing organizations are using Agile methods now a days in their projects to reduce cost involved in a project. Agile methods are best suited for small projects as they require less resources and able to generate output in less time. However, days many organizations are also using Agile methods for medium and large scale projects. These projects also use large teams. Moreover, there may be teams having members taking part in these projects at geographically distributed locations. Assuring quality of these projects using Agile method is a challenging task as in Agile, testing is also carried out in each iteration along with software development. So the system has to be up and running every time for testing purpose. It means testing is only easy when organizations are working on small projects. As the size of the projects increases, the quality assurance of these projects also becomes a difficult task. The projects become complex as they require more resources and time, so there is always a burden on quality assurance team to deliver. The project may go for days and weeks without a functional build and thus testing cannot be done on regular basis. Secondly as the size of the project gets larger by adding more and more features in it, the number of tests is also increased to assure that the system is still performing what it is supposed to perform. The assurance of the quality of such projects is always a difficult task for any quality assurance team. Many Agile methods are being used by software developing organizations to build high quality software which involve less cost and time. Each Agile method has its own strengths and weaknesses. This research work is based on purposing a new hybrid Agile methodology DXPRUM. The DXPRUM is a combination of three of the agile models named as Dynamic System Development Method, Extreme Programming and Scrum (D comes from DSDM, XP from Extreme Programing, RUM from Scrum). The objective of the research is to purpose a new Agile methodology DXPRUM which combines the strengths of all the three Agile methods by removing their weaknesses. The main strength of DXPRUM will be the in time delivery of the project to customer with reduced cost.and the weaknesses to overcome will be to reduce resource utilization without affecting the output and to remove the overlapped resources. This research will consider a medium scale project with the implementation of a new Agile methodology DXPRUM under the perspective of quality assurance. The results of this research will also be compared with results of all three methods individually to validate the research.The metrics used for the evaluation will be total time in weeks, total number of modules build, total predicted hours, total line of code (LOC) and pre and post release defects etc.