آہ ڈاکٹر فریدی
جس حادثہ کا دھڑکا عرصہ سے لگا ہوا تھا وہ بالآخر پیش آکر رہا اور جس کے ہاتھوں سے اﷲ تعالیٰ نے ہزاروں مایوس مریضوں کو شفا بخشی تھی۔ اس نے بھی گزشتہ ۱۹؍ مئی کو جان جاں آفریں کے سپرد کردی، مرحوم فریدی کے کن کن اوصاف کو یاد کیا جائے۔
اے تو مجموعۂ خوبی بچہ نامت خوانم
وہ ایک حاذق طبیب، بے غرض مخلص اور جری لیڈر اور سراپا انسانیت اور شرافت تھے، قومی و ملی مفاد کے مقابلہ میں کسی طاقت کو خاطر میں نہ لاتے تھے، اس کے لئے آخر وقت تک حکومت سے جنگ کرتے رہے، اور اپنی دولت، صحت اور زندگی کسی چیز کی بھی پروا نہ کی اور ایک بہادر سپاہی کی طرح اس راہ میں جان تک دے دی، انھوں نے قوم و ملت کے لئے جو قربانیاں کیں اس دور کے مسلمانوں میں مشکل سے اس کی مثال مل سکتی ہے، ان کا سب سے بڑا کارنامہ یہ ہے کہ انھوں نے مسلمانوں سے خوف و ہراس اور احساس کمتری دور کرکے ان میں جرات و ہمت پیدا کی، ان کا دامن فرقہ پروری سے بالکل پاک تھا، انھوں نے اقلیتوں اور پسماندہ طبقوں کے مفاد کے لئے مختلف سیکولر پارٹیوں سے مل کر اس کا عملی نمونہ پیش کیا، اگرچہ وہ مسلم مجلس کے بانی اور اس کے صدر تھے، لیکن کانگریسیوں سے بھی ان کے تعلقات تھے، اور وہ بھی ان کی عزت کرتے تھے، ان کی موت پر مختلف طبقوں کے اکابر اور جن کو ان کی سیاست سے اختلاف تھا، انھوں نے بھی جو تاثرات ظاہر کئے ہیں وہ ان کی مقبولیت کے شاہد ہیں۔
اس دور میں وہ تنہا شخص تھے، جس نے سیاست سے کسی قسم کا ذاتی فائدہ نہیں اٹھایا بلکہ اپنا کھویا، اگر وہ چاہتے تو حکومت...
Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare the student's and teacher’s perceptions about their current English textbook they used. This study categorized as a descriptive qualitative study. The population of VIII grade students (45 students) of junior high school was involved in this study and an English teacher of them too. The questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used as the instrument of this research. Besides, the guideline of the interview and questionnaire was from [1]Cunningsworth's (1995) theory which is explained about the book evaluation. The data were analyzed through Google form percentage presentation for the questionnaire while transcription, coding was used for the interview section. The result showed, 75% of students believed that the book they used has good quality. While the rest 25% felt it did not fulfill their expectation and need. Besides, the teachers’ perception supports it with some of the books’ part lacks organization and employed too many vocabularies. Whereas the students felt their current level was not suitable with the teachers’ beliefs, but the teacher believed that it was appropriate with the students’ level. So, there were few different perceptions between them. However, the teacher believed that her role in helping students with textbook usage could help the main point of students’ need due to the teacher has lack of knowledge and awareness to do coursebook evaluation. Therefore, further research needs to be done to make this study more comprehensive.
The education system in Pakistan is strongly criticised for not establishing a sustainable mechanism whereby school personnel could learn from each other in both the formal and informal social contexts of schools and contribute to the provision of quality education. The current research used the philosophical underpinnings of organizational learning and proposed the School Organizational Learning Model (SOLM) to improve the quality of education in poorly performing schools in Pakistan. The quality of education provided by the schools is contingent on the fees they charge. Thus, the low cost public and private schools were noted as poorly performing schools in Pakistan. One way to improve quality is to utilize learning from well performing schools and improve the quality of education in the low-cost schools. The current research followed the explanatory mixed design and applied the Dimensions of Learning School Questionnaire (DLSQ) originally prepared by Watkins and Marsick (1997) and later adapted by Akram, Watkins and Sajid (2013) for schools of Pakistan. This was done to gather data from 502 sample cases from the medium-cost schools and used learning from them to improve conditions in a low-cost private school. Using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique variables that contributed to the organizational learning of the medium-cost schools were identified. It was noted that out of four independent variables, individual level organizational learning was negatively correlated whereas school level organizational learning was positively correlated with the knowledge performance school outcome in the medium-cost schools. The remaining two variables, team level organizational learning and global level organizational learning, indicated insignificant impact on the knowledge performance of the schools. Thus, a semi-structured interview schedule based on individual and school level learning was developed and employed to gain additional relevant data from four selected teachers, four head teachers/coordinators. Using theoretical underpinnings of the organizational learning theory (Akram, Watkins & Sajid, 2013; Watkins & Marsick, 1997) and the data gathered during Phase I of the research which included both quantitative and qualitative data in the mixed methods design, the SOLM was developed and implemented through action research (AR) in the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) section of a low-cost private school to improve the quality of education of the school. Evidence which indicated that the quality of classroom teaching of six teachers was improved emerged and thus the SOLM was considered a contribution to the existing knowledge concerning organizational learning.