ممتا
شاکر انور
سمندرنیلا اور پر سکون تھا اور دمام کا آسمان بادلوں سے پُر۔ میں بیقراری سے دھوپ کے ایک ٹکڑے کی تلاش میں ہاف مون بیچ کے خوبصورت سبز گھانس کے روش پر اِدھراُدھر گھوم رہاتھا۔کاش! کوئی ایسی پر سکون جگہ مل جائے جہاں پر میں اپنے ناول کے خاتمے پر کام کرسکوں۔
دور مغربی ساحل کے ایک گوشے میں کھجور کے درختوں سے چھن چھن کر آتی سورج کی ریشمی چادر سی تنی نظرآئی۔ میں تیزی سے اس جگہ گیا مگر وہاں پر سیاہ عبایا پہنے ایک نوجوان عورت بے بی اسٹرولر پر جھکی ہوئی لیٹے ہوئے بچے کو دھوپ سنکاتی، مسکراتی ہوئی باتیں کررہی تھی۔کبھی کبھی وہ بے ساختہ ہنس دیتی۔ جیسے اس کے بچے نے کوئی معصوم سی شرارت کی ہو، وہ شاید مصری یا لبنانی ہوگی۔ نہایت گوری، گلابی کالی آنکھوں والی۲۳، ۵۳ سالہ دوشیزہ جوسرخ پھولدار رومال سے سر ڈھانپے ہوئی تھی۔ وہ جس جگہ کھڑی تھی وہ میری اوّلین پسند تھی۔ ہاف مون بیچ سے کچھ دوری پر واقع نہایت ہی پراسرار خاموشی سے گھرا کنارا جہاں خوبصورت سناٹا میرے خیالوں کو مہمیز کرتا۔
اس نے اچانک پلٹ کر میری طرف دیکھا۔ ایک ادھوری سی مسکراہٹ اس کے ہونٹوں پر تھی……مگر شاید وہ مکمل تھی۔ یہ میرا گمان تھا اور پھر اسٹرولر کو دھکے دیتی آگے بڑھ گئی۔ جیسے کہہ رہی ہو۔ آجاؤ، اپنی مخصوص جگہ مسٹر ادیب۔میں نے اکثر شام کے وقت اسٹرولر پر بچے کو گھماتے ہوئے دیکھاتھا۔ وہ ہمیشہ اکیلی ہوتی اور ساحلِ سمندر کے کنارے پر بنے ہوئے ٹریک پر اِدھر اُدھر گھومتی رہتی۔ بے بی اسٹرولر کے دائیں جانب پانی کی چھوٹی سی رنگین بوتل ہوتی اور دوسری جانب چند کھلونے‘ اوپر کا گلابی حصہ نیچے کی طرف جھکا ہوتا۔اسے...
Force Conversion is adaptation of a different religion or irreligion under duress. Some who have been forced to convert may continue, covertly with the beliefs and practices originally held, while outwardly behaving as converts. At many places the Orientalists put the statement that Islam basic purpose is to establish sovereignty throughout the globe and its primary purport deals with ‘authority’, ‘political’ and ‘economic’ matters for which it also used force for the implementation. Although it is an erroneous statement as Islam’s basic purport is religious, pure and simple; it deals with other social issues. While Islam stressed upon free will and there is no restriction in accepting other religions. As other religions are not in pure form now and Islam is being preserved by Allāh, so it teaches to submit oneself to the Will of Allāh. The early converts to Islam were the Prophet (peace be upon him) close friends Abu Bakr (may Allāh be pleased with her) and his family members in which his faithful wife Khadija (may Allāh be pleased with her), his cousin Ali were on the top, sand his slave Zayed. None of them argued and accepted Islam immediately. Among them Abu Bakr (peace be upon him) enjoyed prominent place among Arabs and with his influence five people accept Islam in which Sa’ad, Zobeir, Talha, Othman and Abd-al-Rahman who were member of prominent families. Abdul Rahman converted four people of his family. Likewise Bilal (may Allāh be pleased with her) was the first slave, ransomed by Abu Bakr (may Allāh be pleased with her). These early converts of Islam were men of piety and dignity.1
The current research work was undertaken to characterize different Pakistani wheat varieties for physicochemical, rheological, technological and immunochemical characteristics. The modification of wheat gluten through methionine binding to develop bread for celiac disease patients was also the main aim of this study. The results revealed that wheat varieties differ significantly for the characteristics studied. Significant effect of crop year was observed on grain width, moisture content, falling number value and dough rheological parameters. The antibody response against glutenin and HMW-GS was positively correlated to the total score of breads, chapattis and naans. The electrophoretic patterns of molecular weight of glutenin subunits of different wheat varieties showed the presence of glutenin subunits in the range of 28.23 to 110.89 kDa and 28.29 to 113.51 kDa, while total gliadin electrophoregrams ranged from 31.03 to 89.61 kDa and 32.91 to 92.22 kDa among different wheat varieties during the crop years 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. The wheat variety AARI-11 outperformed other varieties in most of the physico-chemical, rheological and technological characteristics. Therefore, it was selected for gluten modification. The immunoreactivity to the modified gluten proteins was decreased as the reaction proceeds and minimum immunoreactivity (26±0.37%) was observed near to 60 minutes of reaction time with 5% methionine added to the system. The results showed that the serum of each patient had positive IgA index to gliadins from unmodified gluten, but just sera of two patients had positive IgA index to gliadins from modified gluten and when these proteins were digested the sera of no patient’s serum had positive IgA reactivity. The gluten content in breads prepared with modified gluten was observed to be 79 ppm, which is within the limits set by Codex Alimentarius Commission. The study concludes that the methionine binding to gluten induced a remarkable reduction of celiac IgA immunoreactivity to gliadin. ELISA is a reliable method and can be used as single tool for the wheat quality assessment therefore it should be developed for all wheat varieties. Prospectus of modified gluten for different wheat based foodstuffs like the assayed bread in this study needs to be investigated. A research project should also be conducted to investigate the antibody response of modified gluten.