طاہرہ انعام کی غزلیات پر ایک نظر
انسانی جذبات و احساسات کو منظوم شکل میں پیش کرنا شاعری کہلاتی ہے اور یہ کام صرف اہل درد اور اہل علم و دانش کی ذہنی معراج ہوتی ہے۔دراصل فن شاعری ایک ایسا ہنر ہے جس کے ذریعے باکمال لوگ اپنی قلبی کیفیات کا اظہار ایسے پیرائے میں کرتے ہیں جس کو پڑھ کر قاری ایسے محسوس ہو کہ اس کے دلی جذبات کا اظہار کیا گیا ہے۔اس کے ذریعے زمانے کے تلخ و شیریں تجربات اور رومانوی باتوں کو اشعار کی صورت میں پیش کیا جاتا ہے۔اس کیلئے کسی بھی صنف سخن کو اپنایا جا سکتا ہے۔دور حاضر میں غزل ایک ایسی صنف سخن ہے جس کا ڈنکا چہار اطراف بجتا دکھائی دیتا ہے۔اس صنف میں نت نئے تجربات و مشاہدات کے ذریعے کئی نئے باب کھولنے کے روشن امکانات پیدا ہو گئے ہیںتاکہ اس صنف کے نئے دور کے نئے تقاضوں سے ہم آہنگ کیا جا سکے۔اس صنف کے تابندہ مستقبل کیلئے کام کرنے والوں میں ایک نام ممتاز شاعرہ طاہرہ انعام کا بھی ہے۔
طاہرہ انعام کی شاعری میں موجودہ کرب ناک حالات اور المیوں کا بیان بڑے پیمانے پر ہوا ہے۔اس کے علاوہ عشق و وفا میں انسانی جذبات کو مجروح کرنا اور دلی جذبات کو ٹھیس پہنچانا جیسے موضوعات پر بھی خوب لکھا گیا ہے۔شاعرہ نے یہ سب کچھ اپنے شاعری کے مجموعے ’’تراشیدم‘‘ میں لکھا ہے۔اس مجموعے کلام میں زیادہ غزلیات شامل ہیں مگر چند نظمیں بھی پڑھنے والے کو اپنی طرف متوجہ کرنے میں کامیاب نظر آتی ہیں۔اس مجموعہ کلام کا مختصر فکری جائزہ کچھ اس طرح ہے:
شاعر کسی بھی سماج کا حساس ترین فرد ہوتا ہے اردگرد پیش آنے والے حالات و واقعات پر اسکی گہری نظر ہوتی ہے۔عام لوگوں کی...
Changes in the world require a company to make innovations that are necessary in order to survive the onslaught of other companies' innovations, especially similar companies. A new economic concept that focuses on information and creativity that relies on creative ideas and knowledge from human resources for the main production factors. Creative economynowadays it is increasingly being carried out by the people, especially the younger generation in country because they feel this is a profession that is suitable to be done. Information technology is also needed in the distribution, promotion and sales transaction processes so that the process runs more effectively and efficiently. The potential for the development of this industry is due to several factors, namely the development of information technology as the main factor develops rapidly, access to information centers via the internet is much easier, the social innovation process runs smoothly, each region has a unique local cultural potential and the openness of society to modern culture, there are sources of knowledge such as many campuses that are a source of quality human resources, have high creativity and innovation.
Climate Change is undeniable fact with pronounced effects on human life especially food produce. Agricultural policy makers require accurate and timely information regarding crop performance, shifting of cropping patterns and allied information pertaining to changing climate. A method was developed to efficiently monitor and predict changes in crop pattern with the changing climate in the province of Punjab using satellite data process and GIS. In this research firstly, changes in temperature and rainfall from 1980 to 2015 were assessed at district level in comparison with the data of 1951 to 1980. Secondly, using multi-temporal remote sensing in combination with crop statistics crop area maps was developed. Thirdly, remote sensing based crop profiles were generated from 2000 till 2014. Lastly, the changes in crop performance were compared with temperature and rainfall variations. The outcomes demonstrated that increase in temperature influences production of crops and a critical adverse relationship on yield and production was found with temperature rise or fall. Punjab province was divided into three equivalent imaginary parts (Northern, Central and Southern divisions) and was found that the most extreme increment in the temperature occurred in the Southern division i.e. lower Punjab (DG khan, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur). In Central portion i.e. Faisalabad, likewise raised temperature was observed. While in Northern Punjab temperature remained less than the normal range. As far as precipitation is concerned, increase in precipitation took place in Central Eastern and Northern segment i.e. Gujrat, Lahore, Sheikhupura and Kasur; while extreme decline in precipitation happened in Central Western and Southern potions i.e. Bahawalnagar, Sargodha, Chiniot and Pakpattan. Enormous negative effects of temperature increase were found on cotton crop in July and August. For maize, adverse effect of expanding temperature in the month of May was observed; while rain in the period of September positively contributed.Rise in November temperature has a positive impact on wheat; however, December temperature has a negative impact on wheat production. Major important facts like mentioned above can be easily derived from this study and may be taken as guide line for various agriculture departments to predict their crop production / yield very accurately at every stage of crop cycle through remote sensing images and GIS. Farmers and agriculturists may be educated about the effects of these variables i.e. temperature and rainfall on crop growth from sowing to harvesting, even on monthly basis. This would entail better crop monitoring, requirement of water at every stage of crop cycle, accurate estimation of yield and better adaption / mitigation strategies for the future.