ڈاکٹر معظم حسین
(پروفیسر مختار الدین احمد)
عربی و اسلامیات کے ایک جلیل القدر عالم، ڈھاکا یونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ عربی کے سابق صدر اور وہاں کے سابق وائس چانسلر کی وفات کی خبر بنگلہ دیش سے مجھے بہت تاخیر سے ملی، ہندوستان کے اخبارات و رسائل میں تو اس سانحۂ علمیہ کا ذکر بھی نہیں آیا۔
پروفیسر ڈاکٹر سید معظم حسین، متحدہ ہندوستان میں عربی ادب اور علوم اسلامی کے اہم علماء میں تھے، وہ مشہور مستشرق پروفیسر مارگولیوتھ (متوفی۱۹۴۰ء) اور آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ عربی کے صدر کے نامور تلامذہ میں تھے، وہ ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی سے امتیاز کے ساتھ عربی میں ایم اے کرنے کے بعد بنگال کی حکومت سے وظیفہ پاکر عربی زبان و ادب کے تنقیدی مطالعے کے لیے انگلستان گئے اور آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی میں داخل ہوکر کئی سال تک پروفیسر مارگولیوتھ کی نگرانی میں علمی تحقیقات میں مصروف رہے۔
مارگولیوتھ، اسلام کے خلاف جس قسم کے تعصبات کے شکار تھے ان سے دنیائے اسلام اچھی طرح واقف ہے، لیکن اس میں شبہ نہیں کہ عربی ادب کی خدمات میں وہ اپنے معاصرین میں بہت ممتاز رہے ہیں۔ عربی مخطوطات کی ترتیب و تہذیب سے ان کی گہری دلچسپی تھی۔ ہمیں ان کا احسان بھولنا نہیں چاہیے کہ تراث اسلامی کی تلاش بازیافت اور ان کی تصیح و اشاعت کے کارناموں میں انھوں نے مکمل حصہ لیا۔ قدیم مسلم مصنفین کی متعدد تصانیف انھوں نے خود مرتب کر کے یا اپنے احباب اور تلامذہ سے مدون کراکے انہیں ضایع ہونے سے بچالیا۔ یاقوت الحموی کی معجم الادباء اور متعدد علمائے عرب کی تصانیف نے ان کی بدولت نئی زندگی پائی، ان کے تلامذہ میں ہندوستانی طلباء میں افضل العلماء ڈاکٹر عبدالحق (مدراس) ڈاکٹر عابد احمد علی (علی گڑھ) ڈاکٹر محمد عبدالحق (حیدرآباد) کے نام یاد آتے ہیں۔ اول الذکر سے انھوں نے دیوان...
Mothers-in-law play an integral role in promoting maternal and child health practices in rural Pakistan. This study discusses the design, implementation, and evaluation of a 25- episode radio drama featuring the mother-in-law as the primary influencer for maternal and child health practices. The radio drama was designed after an extensive pre-drama audience research comprising of 10 focus groups, and 14 in-depth interviews in Bagh and Mansehra. Post-drama evaluation comprised two focus groups in the target areas. The endline evaluation found that viewership of the drama improved communication between people of all age groups and social roles without offending their dignity, intelligence, and sense of tradition. Additionally, the findings showed that the audience demonstrated improvement in knowledge about danger signs for mother and child, as well as positive attitudes to seeking timely service from a trained healthcare provider. The study makes a contribution to existing health communication campaigns by introducing a culture-centric approach, through radio dramas, to influence mothers-inlaw and consequently impact maternal and child health practices.
Corporate Governance is the mechanism by which companies are managed and controlled in the best interest of the shareholders. In order to eliminate the agency problems and to strive for goal congruence between the corporate managers and shareholders, different codes of corporate governance have been developed keeping in view the legal, social and economic structure of a particular country. In Pakistan code of Corporate Governance 2003 was initially adopted which was revised and updated in the form of Code of Corporate Governance 2012. This research study focuses on the relationship between corporate governance and market valuation in order to confirm that those companies that employ good corporate governance mechanism are valued more than other non-complying companies. For this purpose, two measures of value i.e. Tobin Q and MVA have been used while corporate governance is measures through six variables i.e.Ratio of Executive directors to Total Directors (Re), Ratio of Independent Directors to Total Directors (Ri), Role duality (Rd), Ratio of Management Remuneration to Total Salaries (Rm), Number of Board Meetings (Dm) and Ownership concentration (Ow) along-with four control variables i.e. Size of the firm (Sz), Sales Growth (Sg), Leverage of firm (Lev) and Return on Assets (ROA). In order to determine the relationship between the two variables sample of companies included in KSE-100 index of Pakistan Stock Exchange have been selected while multiple regression technique and Pearson?s correlation is used for the purpose of analysis. The result of data analysis shows significant relationship of corporate governance measures with both Tobin Q and MVA, which is consistent with the previous studies. The findings of the study recommend adoption of corporate governance practices to the Governments Agencies, Policy makers and Corporate managers as it will result in enhancing profitability, growth, market value at microeconomic level while it with lead to greater market stability by enhancing investor?s confidence, development of corporate and financial markets, improving FDI and GDP growth at macroeconomic level. Pakistan is the major emerging market of South Asia and being strategic partner of China in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) it will be the center of major economic and corporate activity in the near future. However in order to attract potential corporate investors the corporate governance framework requires further restructuring and improvement while financial, legal and economic environment needs to strengthen along with development of physical infrastructure to obtain maximum economic gains from the CPEC projects.