شکرانہ
ایس کتاب دی ترتیب تے تیاری وچ میرے نال جیہڑے جیہڑے مہرباناں نیں تعاون کیتا اے اوہناں وچ ممتاز قانون دان میاں سعید احمد ایڈووکیٹ ضلع کچہری اوکاڑہ، میاں وحیدالدین عرضی نویس ضلع کچہری اوکاڑہ، میاں مسعود الحسن گنج قادری ، حاجی منیر احمد الحمد آئل ملز آف قبولہ شریف ، پروفیسر محمد حسین لنگاہ ڈگری کالج بہاول نگر،سید انیس الرحمن گیلانی تے سب توں ودھ کے اعجاز احمد کمپیوٹر والیاں دا وی بے حد تعاون شامل حال رہیا تے بہاول نگر دی معروف شخصیت میاں علی احمد سنگلہ صاحب جنہاں دا رقم نال مالی تعاون مثالی رہیا۔
میں اوہناں بھراواں دا بڑا شکر گزار ہاں پئی انہاں دی مدد تے معاونت دے نال اے کتاب عملی طور تے چھپ کے ساڈیاں ہتھاں وچ موجود اے۔ اللہ پاک اوہناں دوستاں دے علم ، عمل تے عمر وچ خیرو برکت عطا فرماوے۔(آمین)
اقبال قادری
Multiparity is a matter of great concern regarding the health of women as well as child. At the same time it has different determinants and socioeconomic backgrounds. Objective: To determine the determinants of lack of family planning in grand multiparous women. Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study including 271 GMP patients from DHQ Hospital Okara city. Mean age was 35 ± 10 years. Data was collected with the help of questionnaire and evaluated and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative data and frequency and percentages for qualitative data. To measure the determinants of lack of family planning, chi square test was used. P values less than and equal to 0.05 were taken as significant. Results: Most of women belong to rural area 172(63.47%) and areMuslims 259(95.5%). Most of the families lie under upper lower 149 (54.8%) and lower middle group of income 71(26.1%). The reason of last pregnancy was desire for baby boy 66(24.4%), then husband’s wish 45(16.6%)and so on. There is a good association of socioeconomic status and residence of head of family as p < 0.05, (Results are 325.272a, df = 10, p=0.000). There is an association of Gravida and socioeconomic status of head of family as p<0.05. (27.294, df= 20, p=.05). There is a good association between reasons of last pregnancy and gravida as p<0.05, (41.920, df = 24, p=0.001). Conclusions: The grand multiparty is still very common in Okara Pakistan district, considering the easy availability of modern contraceptive methods but very few women are aware of it. The most popular explanation given for present pregnancy by grand multiparous women was an urge for baby boy followed by husband wish. Most of women are Muslims. Rural Women are more socio-economically down and they have grandermultiparty.
Sociolinguistics Aspects of Globalization and Knowledge Economy: The Effect of English on Urdu Lexicon This thesis studies language change in the Urdu language due to the incorporation of English words. Globalization and its economic counterpart, the knowledge economy, provide the theoretical framework for this study. Embedded in the tapestry of linguistic processes, these socio-economic factors offer a uniquely economic perspective on semiotics. As the global village rids itself of the shackles of Babel, English emerges as the connecting principle of its inhabitants. Enabled by information technologies, the global scale is the new dimension for linguistic interaction. The murky maya of a global world order blurs the spatial boundaries of languages, promoting an exchange of lexical elements. This research focuses on lexical changes in the Urdu lexicon in a global world. The predominantly English origin of the words borrowed by Urdu in the present global phase of its evolution is a continuation of a tradition of lexical borrowing from Persian and Arabic. Languages, embedded in the cultural apparatus of globalization are manifest as "resources". The English language is the non perishable raw material of the knowledge economy. Ushered in by the deepening twilight of capitalist economies, the knowledge economy model is the sustaining principle for developing nations like the home of Urdu i.e. Pakistan. Urdu thus borrows vocabulary from English, the established resource base of the knowledge economy in order to carve a niche' in global economic markets. Content Analysis of two dictionaries is undertaken for the analysis of language change. The global scale emerges from the timeline under which lexical changes are classified. It reveals that the process of language change speeded up post 1947. It is concluded from the findings, that the words which are becoming a part of the Urdu language from English ordain an enriching positivity to its repository. From concepts like "globe", "international", "biography", "award", "imperial", "modernism" to everyday terms like "hand", frock", "dish", "fur", "jelly", "cup", Urdu emerges as a tireless and indefatigable borrower of words from the entire spectrum of the English lexicon. Language change is the resurrecting panacea of the Urdu language struggling to meet the communicative requirements of the 21st century.