مرزا محمد عسکری
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ اردو زبان کی صف میں دوممتاز جگہیں خالی ہوگئیں، اور مرزا محمد عسکری اور مولوی مہیش پرشاد ہم سے جدا ہوگئے، مرزا صاحب مرحوم قدیم مشرقی تہذیب کا نمونہ، لکھنو کی پرانی بزم ادب کی یادگار، اردو زبان و ادب کے صاحب ذوق و نکتہ سنج ادیب اور متعدد کتابوں کے مصنف و مترجم تھے، ان کی سب سے بڑی علمی یادگار بابو سکسینہ کی تاریخ ادبیات اردو کا ترجمہ ہے، اس میں انھوں نے اتنے اضافے کئے ہیں، اور اس کو اس طرح اردو کے قالب میں ڈھالا ہے کہ اس کی حیثیت تصنیف کی ہوگئی ہے، جس طرح جناب صفی اور آرزو پر لکھنو کی قدیم بزم شاعری کا خاتمہ ہوگیا، اسی طرح مرزا صاحب کی وفات سے اس دور کی بزم ادب کی آخری یادگار مٹ گئی اب وہ تہذیب ہی ختم ہوگئی، وہ سانچہ ہی بدل گیا جس میں تہذیب و شائستگی اور ذوقِ ادب کے یہ نمونے ڈھلتے تھے، اس لئے آئندہ ان کے پیدا ہونے کی امید نہیں اور ان کی جو جگہ بھی ہوگی، وہ خالی ہی رہے گی۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۵۱ء)
Plant are benefitted in different aspects by symbiotic bacteria. Environmental conditions, Plant conditions and type of pathogens determine these important services for plants Objective: The research was conducted to assess the plant growth enhancing effects of wheat and cabbage rhizobacteria on the growth of wheat plantMethods: For this purpose, total 49 bacteria were isolated and characterized from the rhizosphere of wheat and cabbage plants. The isolates were assessed for plant growth promoting properties such as: indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, antibacterial activity and heavy metal resistance. Indole acetic acid was found to be produced by 7 isolates and phosphate solubilization was shown by 20 isolates. Antibacterial activity was determined against four clinical isolates like Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosaResults: Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was shown by 38 isolates, 12 isolates showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp, whereas no isolate was found to bepositive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Another plant growth enhancing trait (heavy metal resistance) was shown by 28 rhizobacteria. In order to evaluate the capability of isolates to enhance the plant growth, bio-inoculation assay was performed using wheat seedsConclusions: Rhizobacterial inoculation increased the number of roots, shoots, leaves and roots and shoot length of wheat plantlets as compared to un-inoculated control.
Introduction: Sexual function plays an essential role in the bio-psychosocial wellbeing and quality of life of women and disturbances in sexual functioning often result in significant stress. Sexual dysfunction in women is a highly prevalent condition affecting up to 43% of women. Subfertility being a common problem affecting up to 20% of the population, causes significant psychosocial distress which might adversely affect sexual functioning and vice versa. However, despite the high prevalence of both conditions, little has been studied on the effects of subfertility on sexual functioning especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: This study primarily compared the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in patients on assessment for subfertility and those seeking fertility control services at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. We secondarily sought to determine the factors associated with female sexual dysfunction in the sub-fertile patients and those seeking fertility control services. Methods: This was an analytical cross sectional study. Eligible women of reproductive age (15-49 years), attending the gynaecological clinics with complaints of subfertility and those seeking fertility control services were requested to fill a general demographic tool containing personal data and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire after informed consent. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction was calculated as a percentage of patients not achieving an overall FSFI score of 26.55. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done to compare clinical variables to delineate the potential association. Results: The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was 31.2% in the subfertile group and 22.6% in fertility control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.187). The mean domain and overall female sexual function scores were lower in the subfertile group than the fertility control group though this was not statistically significant. The most prevalent sexual domain dysfunctions in both the subfertility and fertility control groups were desire and arousal while the least in both groups was satisfaction dysfunction. Subfertility type was not associated with sexual dysfunction. Higher education attainment was protective of female sexual dysfunction in the subfertile group while use of hormonal contraception was associated with greater sexual impairment in the fertility control group. Higher maternal age and alcohol use appeared to be protective against sexual dysfunction in the combined study population. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated no association between the fertility status and the prevalence female sexual dysfunction. Subfertility type was not associated with sexual dysfunction. Education level and hormonal contraception use were associated with female sexual dysfunction in