المیول الی التطرف الدینی العصری فی الدول الاسلامیة والغربیة: الاسباب و معالجتها فی ضوء السیرۃ

That is the discussion about “The attitudes (inclinations) towards causes : modern religious extremism in Islamic and western countries and it’s treatment” is not a new topic for us, when we look into the history, there are lot of discussions and debates and the other things are carried out in all over the world and there are lot of solutions which have been solved through the discussions and certain rules have been found after their discussions. This article overviews Islamic, religious, historical, social aspects and also has about the attitudes (inclinations) towards modern religious extremism in Islamic and western countries: causes and its treatment”, this article grapes the reality in the light of Quran and Sunnah (SAW). The religious extremism is the dark darkness that pervades the world today in its blackness, in the world, and religious extremism exists in all religions, but especially in the heavenly religions. Where religious extremism means the extremism of a person or group of a certain faiths or even of a particular dogma. Religious extremism is almost the most important concern for the people at present.

Exploring and Understanding the Culture of a ‘Moving’ School in the Context of Pakistan Through Critical Incident Analysis

Recently, culture has become the focus of many school improvement endeavours. Yet, only a few schools seem to be aware of the strong influence of culture on school improvement. Change in culture has been known to change a stuck school to a ‘moving’ school. To explore and understand the culture and its relationship with school improvement, this study was conducted in one of those ‘moving’ schools in Karachi, Pakistan. Within the qualitative paradigm, a neo research approach analysis of critical incidents was used. The incidents were identified through observations, and interpreted and classified through interviews, informal talk and discussions. Data was coded according to the research questions, regarding the values, beliefs, processes, and relationships that were reflected through these incidents and how they contributed to the school improvement efforts. Findings from the study showed that the school highly values and believes in students’ holistic development, shared leadership, life long learning and collaboration among all its members. The school believes that it is responsible not only for the academic development but also for the holistic development of students, specifically for developing disciplined and responsible individuals. The school believes that maximum involvement and collaboration among the stakeholders greatly contributes towards the successful implementation of the school improvement efforts. The school has a loose hierarchical structure, which follows a partially democratic and a partially autocratic culture. The on going school improvement efforts aim to move the school from conformity of authority to decentralization, from schooling to learning, from traditional school to a learning community and from individualism to collaboration. The findings from the study suggest a close but complex relationship between school culture and school improvement. The school’s vision, which comprises a mixture of all the values mentioned above, guided the school improvement efforts, which, in turn, started changing the existing culture. The initiatives started from within the school kept the stakeholders motivated and committed to accomplish their vision. During the process of initiation and implementation, the school continuously worked on mutual adaptation of the school culture. However, the initiatives are still considered as something new. To ensure sustainability, the school is engaged in activities like: eliminating competing and contradictory practices, establishing links with other change efforts, specifically to the curriculum and classroom teaching, and developing local facilitators for skills training.