سری پرکاش جی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہندوستان کی دو نامور شخصیتوں سری پرکاش جی اور پروفیسر محمد حبیب نے وفات پائی، سری پرکاش کی شخصیت مختلف حیثیتوں سے بڑی اہم تھی، وہ ہندوستان کے مشہور فلسفی صوفی ڈاکٹر بھگوان داس کے فرزند اور پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو کے پرانے معتمد علیہ رفیق تھے، انگلستان کی تعلیم کے زمانہ سے لے کر ہندوستان کی جنگ آزادی اور اس کے بعد تک ہر مرحلہ میں دونوں کا ساتھ رہا، آزادی کے بعد سری پرکاش حکومت کے ذمہ دار عہدوں پر رہے اور بڑی خوبی سے اپنے فرائض انجام دئیے اور اپنے اخلاص اور سلامت روی کی بنا پر پاکستان میں بھی ہائی کمشنری کے زمانہ میں مقبول رہے اور دونوں ملکوں کو قریب لانے کی کوشش کی، وہ ہماری پرانی مشترک تہذیب کی یادگار اور ہندو مسلم اتحاد کے بہت بڑے علمبردار تھے اور آخر تک اس پر قائم رہے، ان کا سب سے بڑا وصف ان کی بے تعصبی، فراخدلی اور اخلاقی بلندی تھی، وہ سیاست میں بھی صداقت و اخلاص پر عامل تھے، جو آجکل کے سیاسی لیڈروں میں کمیاب ہے اس لیے آزادی کے بعد کے حالات سے بہت بددل تھے، عرصے سے خانہ نشینی اختیار کرلی تھی، لیکن کبھی کبھی اپنے خیالات اخبار کے ذریعہ ظاہر کرتے رہتے تھے، ایک دو مرتبہ پنڈت جواہرلال نہرو کے ساتھ دارالمصنفین بھی آئے تھے، اور یہاں کے بزرگوں سے ان کے تعلقات تھے، وہ جس تہذیب کی پیداوار تھے اس کا دور اب ختم ہوگیا، سری پرکاش اس کی آخری یادگار تھے، اب ایسے نمونے نہ پیدا ہوں گے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۷۱ء)
This research work aims to investigate the impact of privatization on the performing efficiency of MCB Bank Limited Privatization and the phenomenon of denationalization after the failure of socialism and communism globally. As the direction of enteritis was predetermined by state which in long term affected the performance of state-owned entities on many fronts even they reached at the verge of collapse and state was compelled to inject capital for their survival. Ultimately the state took drastic steps and initiated the process of denationalization and privatization to keep the industry intact in the changed scenario. In 1974, during Z.A. Bhutto regime Pakistan’s banking industry was nationalized with prime objective to address the issues of backward segments of economy but unfortunately after privatization industry was used for political motives and witnessed poor performance and financial indiscipline due to frequent interference in the affairs of banks particularly in lending activities and hiring of inefficient human resources. Resultantly banks failed to deliver as per expectation of masses and could not deliver quality customer services on one hand and accumulation of infected portfolio on the other which in turn swallowed the profitability and the capital of banks. It is revealed that bank has tremendously performed in all Key Performing Indicators, it has improved its profitability manifold, deposit base is significantly enhanced and became more liquid and solvent.
Aim: To determine the influence of depression on adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among HIV-infected patients.
Design: Cross-sectional survey
Patients: One hundred and forty HIV-positive patients on treatment with Combination Antiretroviral Therapy selected from the out-patient department of Aga Khan University Hospital took part in the survey.
Methodology: Every third patient who was eligible was assessed for adherence to antiretroviral therapy using The Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group follow up adherence questionnaire followed by screening for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Pharmacy data was then retrieved for the same patients and used to assess adherence by the medication possession ratio. The data was then analysed using SPSS and chi square was calculated for relationships between adherence and depression. Odds ratio was also calculated for the risk of depression in the non-adherent group compared to the adherent group.
Results: Fifteen patients did not have any pharmacy data available. Sixty five patients had medication possession ratios of >95% indicating good adherence. Sixty patients had medication possession ratios <95% indicating sub-optimal and poor adherence.30% of non-adherent patients were found to have depressive symptoms as compared to 23% in the adherent group. Although this did not reach significant levels, patients who were non-adherent were 1.3 times more likely to be depressed. On multivariate analysis there was no significant association between depression and levels of adherence.
There was however a significant association between cash payment for medication and higher viral loads (p= 0.029).
Conclusion: This study did not show a significant association between depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy.