An Analysis of Prisons’ Staff Role in the Reintegration of the Prisoners

The central theme of this research is to explore the effectiveness of prisons staff in the reintegration of the prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) jails. Mixed method was adopted to carry out the study.  Seven high-profile jails within Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, one jail each, in all the seven administrative divisions, were purposively selected.  Of all 277 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the seven jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire.  The remaining 27 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included judges, lawyers, jail officials, human right activists and ex-prisoners.  Further, One focus group discussion was arranged to gain more deep insight into the phenomenon in question. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted for the collection and analysis of data.       It was found that prison staff in Pakistan is characterized by lack of will and skill to transform prisons into correction institutions. Their involvement in torturing the inmates, providing them proscribed stuff, sexual assaults on the prisoners, taking bribery for extending legal and illegal favors etc is deeply-seated within the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa prisons. Providing best trainings to the prisons’ staff considering modern-day needs, their salaries increase along with sound service structure, meritorious selection, transfer and up-gradation of the prisons’ employees, recruitment of the needed staff to bridge the staff-inmate huge gape and ensuring the effective accountability system of prisons are the suggested measures to overcome the problem at hand.

Impact of corruption on economic growth through government size: an empirical analysis of three south asian economies

In this study i have put an effort to find the direct and indirect impact of corruption on GDP growth through government size transmission channel. The sample of this study consists of three south Asian economies i.e. those of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka from 1990 to 2013. I have used cross sectional as well as panel data techniques. My results show that an increase in corruption leads to an increase in government size which, in turn, decreases GDP growth. This study suggests that, in the presence of high corruption level, a larger government size is not favourable for India, Pakistan, or Sri Lanka because it hinders GDP growth. Another aim of this study is to find the long run association (Causality) between corruption and economic growth. To attempt this objective, i have same sample size from 1984 to 2013. This study has conformed that there is short term two way causality running from corruption to GDP growth to corruption. The results of study suggests two policies to the governments of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; they can either concentrate more on economic growth which ultimately will reduce corruption or combat corruption rather than focusing on growth