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Home > Psychological Barriers to Learning Among Female Students at Higher at Secondary Level

Psychological Barriers to Learning Among Female Students at Higher at Secondary Level

Thesis Info

Author

Saba Iqbal

Supervisor

Muhammad Hamid Ullah

Program

Mphil

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

Campus Location

Faisalabad Campus

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

ix, 107 . : ill. ; 30 cm.

Subject

Education

Language

English

Other

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophyto the Faculty of Social sciences.; Includes bibliographical references; Thesis (ME)--Riphah International University, 2016; English; Call No: 370 SAB

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676712052633

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اسرار خودی

اقبال کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ کلام جو فارسی زبان میں منظر عام پر آیا۔ 1915ء میں لاہور سے شائع ہوا۔ پروفیسر عبد الحق نے مختصر تعارف میں لکھا ہے کہ اسرار خودی کا پورا کلام مثنوی کی صورت میں ہے۔ اسرار خودی کی وجہ سے اقبال مفکر شاعر کے طور پر تسلیم کیے گئے خودی اقبال کی شخصیت کا جزو اور
شناخت بن گئی۔ اقبال کے فلسفہ خودی میں انسانوں کی بقا کا راز مضمرہے۔ اور قوموں کی آبرومندی کا نسخہ شفا بھی خودی میں پوشیدہ ہے۔ پروفیسر عبدالحق نے خودی کے تین مراحل اطاعت ، ضبط نفس اور نیابت الٰہی کا ذکر بھی کیا ہے ۔ تمہید کے بعد دیگر ذیلی عنوانات بھی نظم کا حصہ ہیں۔اس مثنوی کا آغاز اقبال نے 1911ء میں کر دیا تھا۔ عطیہ بیگم کے نام ایک خط میں لکھتے ہیں :
”قبلہ والد صاحب نے فرمائش کی ہے کہ حضرت بو علی قلندر کے طرز پر ایک فارسی
مثنوی لکھوں ۔ اسی راہ کی مشکلات کے باوجود میں نے کام شروع کر دیا ہے “ (13)
اقبال نے کچھ اشعار بھی لکھ کر عطیہ فیضی کو بھجوائے ۔ وہ اشعار اسرار خودی میں شامل ہیں ۔ صرف یہ خط ہی اسرار خودی کی اشاعت کا باعث نہیں بلکہ اور بھی بہت سے محرکات ایسے ہوں گے جو مفکر شاعر کو اس بات پر مجبور کرتے ہوں گے کہ غلام اور غافل قوم کی بیداری کےلیے کوئی نسخہ شفاء پیش کیا جائے ۔ ڈاکٹر رفیع الدین ہاشمی لکھتے ہیں:
”محض اتنی سی بات مثنوی کا محرک نہ تھی ۔ سہ سالہ قیام یورپ، سلطنت
عثمانیہ کا بکھرتا ہوا شیرازہ ، ملت اسلامیہ کا عمومی زوال و انحطاط اور ان سب
کے نتیجے میں وہ ذہنی کرب و اضطراب ، جو کسی حد تک "شکوہ" اور " شمع و...

بین المذاہب ہم آہنگی میں حائل رکاوٹوں کا جائزہ

In contemporary world several efforts have been made to restore the global peace, harmony and co-existence, and still the struggles continue but in vain. There are some serious problems to be addressed in the first phase. Some of these problems, for interfaith harmony and co-existence are associated with political and economical imbalance or injustice, while some of these are related to social and collective values at the world level, particularly in the Muslim society. In the past, political and economic motives were responsible for wars. It is predicted that in future the situation will remain the same. However Religious extremism and fundamentalism are just slogans of the western world for covring up real economic intentions. Western world particularly Americans promote wars for achievement of economic gains. This article focuses on the real causes of terrorisim, which is threatening our globe. Moreover it also suggests how to control these issues and help in the restoration of peace and interfaith harmony. The economic, political and social causes have been highlighted in detail. The big powers while talking of helping the developing countries want in reality to exploit economically those countries.

Religious Symbols and Quest for Truth in Modern American Literature.

The bulk of world literature comprises stories of tangible and symbolic quests and American literature is no exception to this general rule. The quest narrative dominates the American literary landscape and, on the surface, is founded on its history as a nation of immigrants seeking, above all, religious freedom. It would have been facile to state that this quest is for the American Dream, and it would have been just as easy to define this modern Dream as social equality and economic opportunity, or vice versa. After all, a prime purpose of the Mayflower project was to become free of medieval Europe’s pomp and show, most importantly in religious practices. However, the ubiquity of ancient symbols in the American quest narrative intrigued me. These symbols indicated hidden meanings that went beyond materialistic realization of America’s constitutional ideals. Exploration of the deeper meanings of quest narratives in modern America required plumbing symbolic depths. The vortex motif helped to go far beneath the surface meaning of the symbols encountered. This quest was both a vertical plunge and a horizontal journey towards a specific goal. Fascinatingly, the quest in the texts analyzed almost invariably ended at a destination that turned out to be its starting point. The hermeneutic cycle helped to explain the circularity of the quest. This study, therefore, set out to explore the nature of the American quest, to sift through the symbols dotting the literary terrain, to encounter a key symbol, to explore its religious content, and to fathom the significance of this symbol in modern American literature. A brief survey of modern American literature proved the presence of quest stories in almost all genres, from science fiction to the American literary canon. In many American narratives, obsession with apocalypse also combined well with the quest theme to make for great story telling. Importantly, they easily reincarnate as cinematic script. Apocalypse has riveted American attention after 9/11 but it also prevailed during the 20th century and earlier American literature produced along modern lines. Quests to survive and flourish invite inclusion of marginal voices, presenting equality of opportunity for blacks, women, the old and otherwise infirm, so essential to American narratives. The quest aspires to assume metaphysical properties. Its goal is an elusive symbol. Powerful symbols contain coded messages dating from ancient religions. In modern narratives they shed their religiosity. However, cult following reestablishes the symbol’s spiritual status. They embody eternal Truth. The Holy Grail exemplifies such powerful symbols. The grail icon is so prevalent in American society that most of its canonical writers are compelled to weave tales around the grail. This study suggests that American society has Americanized the grail, and to understand the United States one must also grasp the manifold meanings of its Holy Grail – there being no better place to start than traverse the modern American literary landscape.