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Rhetoric and Transitivity Systems in the Selected Speeches of Us President Barack Obama

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Abdullah

Supervisor

Malik Haq Nawaz Danish

Program

Mphil

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

Campus Location

Faisalabad Campus

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vi, 80 . : ill. ; 29 cm.

Subject

History & Geography

Language

English

Other

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M.phil to the Faculty of Social Sciences.; Includes bibliographical references.;; English; Call No: 973.931 ABD

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676712067921

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۲۴۔ حزیں حرف گر (۲)

حزیں حرف گر(۲)

اے عظیم کوہ ساز!

یہ دور تک پھیلا پہاڑی سلسلہ

جس کی چٹانیں صدیوں سے جلتی آگ سے روشن ہیں

جن کے اندر ظلمتوں کی تاریخ پلتی ہے

ان گنت برائیاں رگوں میں گردش کرتی ہیں

زبانوں سے رال کی صورت لاوا ٹپکتا ہے

کئی کوہ پیما بلندیوں کی بھینٹ چڑھے

کئی کوہ کن ٹکڑوں میں تقسیم ہوئے

مگر یہ انا گزیدہ

شاذ: محدثىین اور احناف کى آراء کا تقابلى جائزہ

Veracity of trustworthiness of Hadith is an ongoing exercise of Islamic scholars to know whether the target hadith is safe and free from contradictions or not. It is mostly judged from its Sanad. Sometimes hadiths are ineffective. Besides this, a continuously referred hadith has also been considered as right. Conversely, a hadith is considered as impuissant (Daif) in certain conditions i.e. When it contradicts with Quran, famous Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), consensus (Ijma) of scholars of Ummah and in a particular exceptional (شاذ) case. In this article, a comparative analysis of views on irregular Hadith of Muhaddithin and Hanafi Jurists have been attempted. It discusses that how Jurists have considered and given a status to those irregular (شاذ) hadiths. And how do they differentiate those exceptional hadiths from mainstream hadiths?

Biodiversity of Diazotrophs in Rhizosphere of Potato Solanum Tuberosum L.

Potato is the third most important food crop which requires high fertilizer that leads to environmental pollution. The use of biofertilizer is environment friendly and cost effective hence is suitable for sustainable agriculture. In this study, 44 bacterial isolates including mostly Azospirillum, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium spp. were isolated from potato rhizosphere of which 32 were able to fix atmospheric N2 and 29 showed indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Strains showed high metabolic and genetic diversity based on BioLog, ERIC and BOX-PCR analysis. Out of potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) tested for inoculation response in potato, it was observed that the N2 fixation (%Ndfa) decreases with the increase in applied N for Rhizobium sp. TN04 and Azospirillum sp. TN09 whereas no effect was observed for Azospirillum sp. TN03. Azospirillum sp. TN09 showed the highest %Ndfa among three tested isolates. Under field conditions, Azospirillum spp. TN03, TN09 and Rhizobium sp. TN04, Rhizobium sp. TN04 increased plant height (18%), dry weight (18.5%) tuber dry weight (14%) and tuber yield (19%). Azospirillum, Brevundimonas and Rhizobium spp. also maintain substantial population with potato roots. Metagenomics were employed to study total bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of potato from major potato growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan showed that structural community (based on 16S rRNA) is almost similar across all the regions whereas functional diversity (based on nifH) of diazotrophs is mostly variable. Abundance of diazotrophs (108-1010 copies of nifH g-1 of soil) changed among regions. Pyrosequencing of nifH validated maximum diversity in Sheikhupura (446 species) whereas minimum in Gujranwala area (291 species). Overall in the potato rhizosphere, most abundant class was α-proteobacteria followed by β-proteobacteria. The study concludes that abundance of different genera varies across different regions due to many biotic and abiotic factors. Azospirillum spp. TN03, TN09 and Rhizobium sp. TN04 omnipresent and have potential to improve potato yield up to 15-19% subsequently saving 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, are recommended as potential candidates for biofertilizer production for potato crop. The study also shows that potato harbor a diverse range of novel diazotrophs (not known earlier) which opens new horizons for future prospects.