عہد نبوی میں مذہبی تعلیم کے رجحانات کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Education is a very important aspect of human life. Muslims were strongly believed on Religious Education. It was considered mandatory for spiritually life here in this world and here after. This article “Research Study of Religious Education Trends in the Prophet (PBUH) Era” introduces the concept of “education” with its definition from Oxford Dictionary and by Muslims philosophers. The “Education System” is also defined with its main components and its objectives in the light of sayings by various Muslim intellectuals. Then, the education system in the Prophet (PBUH) Era is discussed in detail. The role of Prophet (PBUH) and his companions and their effects are also discussed. It also studies the main objectives of Religious Education, its curriculum, the role of Mosque and the relation between teacher and student. Lastly, the current education system of Pakistan is analyzed critically and a few suggestions are given to make it a better one.

Multilingual Source Code Analysis for Recovery of J2ee Environemnt

Design patterns are proven solutions that help to develop quality software applications and program comprehension at the design level. Recovering design information from source code supports source code analysis for better program understanding, reuse, and re-engineering. With the advent of modern technologies in software development paradigm, the size and complexity of software applications are increased, consequently, extracting software design has become harder and challenging. In these multilingual applications, the design information is scattered in various cross-language artifacts that are interdependent on each other. Therefore, in order to analyze these applications, all the cross-language components and their relationships needs to be resolved.At present, there is no approach known to us that is capable of extracting design information from multilingual applications by using design patterns. The purpose of this thesis is to build the foundation for the analysis of multilingual applications by using design patterns. Java Enterprise Applications are the examples of multilingual applications i.e. their design information is scattered in several multilingual artifacts. This platform is equipped with verified design solutions in the form of J2EE Patterns. J2EE Platform is a multi-tiered architecture. The instances of these patterns are scattered in various crosslanguage components in different layers of J2EE Platform. It is difficult to resolve cross-language artifacts and extract desirable information and dependencies. J2EE Patterns have abstract representations and their formal definitions are not known. In addition, to the best of our insight, there is no approach available to recognize J2EE Patterns from Java enterprise applications. In this dissertation, a novel approach is presented for the detection of J2EE Patterns from the multilingual source code of J2EE applications. For this purpose, customizable and reusable feature types are presented as a catalog of J2EE Pattern definitions. These feature types can accommodate new pattern definitions and are adaptable to detect the variants of any pattern. A prototype toolkit, JPDT (J2EE Pattern Detection Tool) is developed that uses J2EE Pattern definitions based on a catalog of customizable feature types and extracts J2EE Patterns from the multilingual source code of enterprise applications. This tool has three xi basic components; including J2EE Extended Parsing Module (JPSP), J2EE Pattern Detection Engine (JPDE) and J2EE Patterns Visualization Module (JPVM). In order to evaluate the validity of approach and prototype tool, a corpus is built that contains the repository of the source code of J2EE Pattern definitions. Additionally, the tool is evaluated on five open source medium and large enterprise applications. The results reveal 100 % accuracy of approach in successful recognition of J2EE Patterns in source code repository and open source applications. The results also establish the significance of customizable definitions of J2EE Pattern’s catalog and capability of prototype tool.