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1. Al-Fatihah/The Prologue
I seek Allah’s protection
from the satanic, the accursed and evil forces within the human soul and social environment.
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a. I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah.
b. The Immensely Merciful to all,
c. The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
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All Praise and Gratitude is for Allah alone, while one can never adequately praise HIM and express gratitude.
Rabb - The Lord Creator and the Lord Sustainer of all existence from infinity to eternity.
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Allah - The Immensely Merciful to all,
Allah - The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
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a. Allah is the sole and the Supreme Authority on all judgments at the Time of Final Judgment.
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It is YOU alone – O Allah! – we consciously submit to in worship, awe, and reverence, and
it is to YOU alone – O Allah! – we call for help, mercy, and compassion.
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a. Guide us to the righteous approach of understanding and practicing Islam in all its connotations, and set us firmly upon it.
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The approach of those whom YOU favor and bless,
and, not of those who incur YOUR Wrath,
and not of those too who are misguided and lost and are disfavored by YOU.
Amen - O Rabb, The Lord!
Accept our plea!
Education is a very important aspect of human life. Muslims were strongly believed on Religious Education. It was considered mandatory for spiritually life here in this world and here after. This article “Research Study of Religious Education Trends in the Prophet (PBUH) Era” introduces the concept of “education” with its definition from Oxford Dictionary and by Muslims philosophers. The “Education System” is also defined with its main components and its objectives in the light of sayings by various Muslim intellectuals. Then, the education system in the Prophet (PBUH) Era is discussed in detail. The role of Prophet (PBUH) and his companions and their effects are also discussed. It also studies the main objectives of Religious Education, its curriculum, the role of Mosque and the relation between teacher and student. Lastly, the current education system of Pakistan is analyzed critically and a few suggestions are given to make it a better one.
Study of Mathematical Models for Blood Flow Through Arterial Stenosis In this dissertation investigations are carried out for steady two-dimensional motion of an incompressible Newtonian and second grade fluid through the channel and tube. The hemodynamic behavior of blood flow is analyzed in the presence of an arterial stenosis. In the present study Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates are considered respectively for the flow in the channel and in an axisymmetric tube with heat transfer having stenosis of cosine shape. Length of stenosis is assumed to be large as compared to the semi width of the channel or the radius of the tube. The basic governing equations are the Navier-Stokes equations which are reduced to stream function formulation by using transformation. In the last two chapters blood is assumed to behave as an isothermal Oldroyd-B fluid through the channel and tube. By eliminating pressure gradient term form momentum equations, compatibility equation is obtained. The resulting compatibility and energy equations are highly nonlinear and solved analytically with the help of two methods namely the regular perturbation method (RPM) and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). In case of regular perturbation method δ, which is the ratio of semi width of the channel or radius of the tube to the length of the channel or tube, is considered as a small parameter. The solutions thus obtained from the present analysis are represented in terms of streamlines, wall shear stress, zero wall shear stress, pressure gradient and temperature distribution on blood flow through stenosed channel and tube. Its worthy to mention that results presented in this dissertation are compared with already published results which ensures good agreement. It is found that wall shear stress, pressure gradient and temperature increases with the development of stenosis and causing separation and reattachment points in the region. It is found that even at low xiiivelocity separation is observed, if the thickness of the stenosis is increased. Detailed discussion and graphical representations are also provided.