مسٹر گارنر
مسٹر گارنر، جن کی وفات کی خبر حال میں شایع ہوئی ہے، ایک مشہور سیاح تھے، جنھوں نے سالہا سال افریقہ کے جنگلوں کی خاک چھانی تھی، آج سے تقریباً تیس سال قبل انھوں نے اس دعویٰ کا اعلان کیا تھا کہ بندروں میں بھی باہم ایک طریقہ کی گفتگو ہوتی ہے۔ ۱۸۹۲ء میں وہ مقام گیبون میں مقیم ہوئے، جہاں بندروں کی سب سے زیادہ ترقی یافتہ صنف گوریلا کی بکثرت آبادی ہے، یہاں کئی مہینہ تک انھوں نے اپنے تئیں ایک بڑے قفس آہنی میں ایک چمپانزی کے ساتھ مقید رکھا، اور اس کے ذریعے سے بندروں کی باہمی ’’گفتگو‘‘ سنتے رہے، لیکن ان کے اس دعویٰ کو سائنٹفک حلقوں میں زیادہ مقبولیت نہ حاصل ہوئی، اور جمہور محققین کا فیصلہ اس وقت یہ ہے کہ نطق و گویائی کی قوت انسان کے لیے مخصوص ہے، جس میں بندر وغیرہ کوئی صنف حیوانات اس کی شریک نہیں۔
(اپریل ۱۹۲۰ء)
After Second World War, when the distances between the East and the West began to reduce and the west paid attention to the eastern knowledge seriously. Especially European countries took interests in Islamic subjects and a new trend was generated which is known as Orientalism and the people who acquire the subjective knowledge are being called orientalists. In this connection the orientalists started shown keen interest in learning Islamic subjects and with that interest their object was not to spread the religion Islam but to negate and cancel the true picture of true religion Islam, fear of dominancy of Islam, spread of Christianity and multiple political nations. That is why the first thing they have targeted was the Holy Quran. While X-Prime minister William Evart Gladstone quoted 1882 ''Till the Quran exists, it is impossible for Europe to down the East''. Since then the new era of publication and translations of Quran took place, in which era the treatise and conversion made in various languages differently in different countries which will be discussed in this research article along with the discussion of orientalists who took part in the compositionor translation.
Pakistan being an agricultural country is thriving day by day to improve agriculture sector but still majority of farmers are not comfortable with the existing agriculture machines available in the market. Among crops being grown, sugarcane has significant value for local sugar industry as well as to export quality sugar. Unfortunately, in Pakistan the major harvesting of sugarcane is carried out manually involving huge amount of female labour. However, few farmers have tried to adopt imported sugarcane harvesters but due to variation in cropping patterns and varieties a lot of issues are faced during sugarcane harvesting. Therefore, the farmers are emphasizing for the modification and indigenization of sugarcane harvester for better sugarcane recovery. Thus, keeping in mind the above issues a study was carried out for the design modification and performance evaluation of indigenous sugarcane harvester. After the development of the machine, different experiments were performed in terms of machine forward speed, field capacity, field efficiency and crop yield.Findings revealed that forward speed was found directly linked with gear and rpm. Maximum power consumption of 17.564 hp (13.10 kW) was recorded with 0.522 m radius of base cutter at its 2250 rpm. Comparatively lowest value 12.876 hp (9.60 kW) was observed at 2026 rpm of cutter. Sugarcane harvester forward speed, theoretical field capacity and effective material capacity was maximum (5.22 km/hr, 0.53 ha/hr, and 15.52 ton/hr) at gear (G3) respectively while effective time required for harvesting was minimum 1.84 hr at gear (G1) with engine rpm 2000 and working width 1.02 m. Sugarcane harvester field efficiency was maximum (75.10%) at gear (G1) with engine rpm 1800 for working width 1.02 m.