کوئی طبیب ہی ایسا نہ چارہ گر کوئی
کرے ہمارا مداوائے چشمِ تر کوئی
مرے وجود سے اُٹھنے لگی ہیں خوشبوئیں
کہ ایسے مجھ میں سمایا ہے عشوہ گر کوئی
میں اُس کو حالِ دلِ زار کیسے بتلاتا
مجھے ہوا نہ میسر پیام بر کوئی
مرے حضور یہ زندہ دلوں کی بستی ہے
نہ بے ضمیر یہاں پر نہ کم نظر کوئی
امیر شہر! یہ حالت تری رعایا کی
ہے پا برہنہ کوئی اور برہنہ سر کوئی
خدا کے واسطے ناصح ہمیں اجازت دے
کہ انتظار میں اپنے ہے بام پر کوئی
ہے میرے حال سے دنیا تو باخبر تائبؔ
ہے میرے حال سے کیوں اتنا بے خبر کوئی
انطلقت الدراسة من هدف رئيس يتمثل في محاولة الكشف عن التداعيات الناجمة عن التفكك الأسري والحد من استفحالها، وأنبثق عنه عدة أهداف فرعية من بينها: محاولة التعرف على محاور اهتمام الدراسات المعتمدة في الدراسة والمهتمة بالتفكك الأُسري، والكشف عن نتائج الدراسات السابقة، وإذا ما حققت هذه الدراسات أهدافها أم لا، وتقديم مقترحات ورؤى استشرافية بالحلول المستقبلية للحد من ظاهرة التفكك الأسري بوصفه ظاهرة تهدد الكيان الأسري. أُجريت الدراسة على إحدى عشر دراسة بهدف تحليلها وفق العديد من المحاور من حيث الهدف والنتائج والمقترحات بالحلول، وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، ومن خلاله تبين وجود منحى وتوجه اتخذته الدراسات السابقة المعتمدة من خلال تناول التفكك باعتباره عامل مؤثر في الجريمة والانحراف باختلاف المجتمعات المدروسة، والتي تتناسب فعليًا مع ارتفاع معدلات ونسب الطلاق والهجر وفقدان أحد الوالدين، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج منها : تعدد العوامل المسببة للتفكك الأسري من بينها تأثير أعباء العمل- ثقافة العولمة في زيادة نسبة التفكك الأسري، وتسبب التفكك الأسري في إيجاد العديد من الظواهر من بينها ظاهرة التسول والانحراف والجريمة، وقدمت الباحثة مقترحات ورؤى استشرافية للحد من انتشار ظاهرة التفكك الأسري، من أهمها تكوين مراكز إرشاد أسري متخصصة للحد من التفكك الأسري، وضرورة وضع خطط استراتيجية تُعنى بإعادة صقل وحدات المجتمع المتعرضة للانحراف، وتفعيل دور وسائل الأعلام والقيام ببرامج توعوية تكون بمثابة رسالة موجهة للأسرة لتقويم وتحسين دورها نحو أعضائها اولاً ونحو المجتمع
A bare salt-affected land was selected in the vicinity of a remnant grove of thorn forest community at Harappa archaeological site with the objective of rehabilitating minimum viable populations of thorn forest species. Monitoring of previously planted trees revealed spatial differences in species establishment with sites showing good, moderate and poor survival and growth. In order to successfully restore the site a complete set of experiments was designed, that based on in-depth analysis of microclimatic factors, species tolerance limits and fertilizer amendments. The results revealed that restoration of native plant community required the identification and modification of environmental factors that were impeding or restricting ecosystem development at this site. They also showed that the area is not uniformly saline but can be divided into sites of low (EC e < 60 mS cm -1 ), moderate (60-85 mS cm -1 ) and high (> 85 mS cm -1 ) surface salinity. Analysis of replaced soil showed accumulation of salinity in plant pits at all the sites in general and at high salinity site in particular resulting in greater plant mortality at that site. Difference in micro-topography was causing greater salinity built-up in the pits at high salinity site especially by monsoon overflows resulting in high plant mortality. A pot experiment designed to check the response of individual species to salinity and fertilizers showed a negative linear relationship between plant growth and biomass characters as they decreased with increasing salinity levels and were enhanced with increasing fertility. All tree species seemed to be salt tolerant to varying degrees. EC e value at which dry matter production would be reduced to 50% as compared to un-fertilized control plants was highest for Salvadora oleoides followed by Prosopis cineraria, Tamarix aphylla and Capparis decidua under low fertility and this sequence of decreasing salt tolerance was maintained when plants were supplemented by fertilizers. An in-situ experiment was conducted using soil replacement, gypsum and inorganic fertilizers as amendments on the three salinity sites. Three years monitoring suggested that enhanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus nutrition had a positive effect on all growth variables as availability of both in the soil was limiting. The effect was more pronounced at site of low salinity and in more tolerant S. oleoides and T. aphylla as compared to the other two species. Moreover remedial measures for the xivrevegetation of highly saline patches were experimented with nutritional amendments in combination with surface modification at high salinity site. Incorporation of farmyard manure (FYM) with physical barriers generated the greatest revegetation success in all species and was not only found to be biologically sound but also economically feasible restoration treatment. A total of 705 trees have been successfully established out of that 481, 132, 57 and 35 are of S. oleoides, T. aphylla, P. cineraria and C. decidua, respectively. After initial fertilization and two years of supplemental irrigation the plants are now not required to be nurtured. Three out of four tree species have started producing seeds and many trees are now acting as nurse plants and are facilitating the establishment of other species under them. With the arrival of avian dispersers natural recruitment can now be seen at many places. Ecosystem function parameters are indicating that this restored area is on a trajectory towards a self-sustaining ecosystem. Recommendations derived from this study have been incorporated in the site management plan and have been successfully implemented for the rehabilitation of adjacent area. With the accumulation of both above and below-ground biomass as well as litter and other woody debris this juvenile forest is now sequestering carbon and is contributing towards building viable populations of thorn forest species at Harappa archaeological site. The populations of both S. oleoides and T. aphylla have now attained a safe number while increasing the number of individuals of P. cineraria by reclaiming more area and initiation of seed formation in this species will also assure its population viability.