مولانا احسان اﷲ خاں تاجورؔ نجیب آبادی
مولانا احسان اﷲ خاں تاجورؔ ۱۸۹۳ء میں نجیب آبادضلع بجنور میں پیدا ہوئے، روہیلہ افغانوں کے خاندان سے تعلق رکھتے تھے۔ابتدائی تعلیم وطن میں ہوئی پھر دارالعلوم دیوبند میں داخل ہوکر اسلامی علوم وفنون کی تکمیل کی۔ شعروشاعری اورلکھنے کاذوق فطری تھا چنانچہ زمانہ طالب علمی میں بھی دارالعلوم دیوبند کے بلندپایہ علمی اوردینی رسالوں ’’القاسم‘‘ دوراوّل اور ’’الرشید‘‘میں ان کے مقالات نکلتے تھے۔ یہاں سے فارغ ہوکر وہ لاہور پہنچے اورسرعبدالقادر مرحوم ایسے مربی اورمشفق کے فیض صحبت وتوجہ نے ان کوایسا چمکایا کہ وہ جلدہی نہ صرف لاہور بلکہ شمالی ہندوستان کی علمی اورادبی محفلوں کی رونق وزینت بن گئے۔ وہ اردو کے بلند پایہ شاعر اور زبان کے ماہر و نقاد اور نامور ادیب کی حیثیت سے پنجاب کے اساتذۂ فن کی صف میں ایک نمایاں جگہ کے مالک ہوگئے۔ سینکڑوں نوجوان ان کے فیض صحبت وتعلیم سے اردو کے نامور ادیب وشاعر ہوئے۔ وہ زندہ دلان پنجاب کے ادبی اکھاڑہ میں ایک پہلوان کی حیثیت سے رہتے تھے۔
وہ جس طرح دوستوں کے ساتھ انتہائی خلیق وملنسار اورہمدرد تھے اسی طرح مخالفوں کو دنداں شکن جواب دینے میں بھی یدطولیٰ رکھتے تھے۔لاہور میں رہ کر انھوں نے دولت بھی پیداکی اورشہرت وناموری بھی حاصل کی۔ لیکن دیوبند میں چند سالہ قیام نے ان کے دل ودماغ پرایسے گہرے نقوش ثبت کردیے تھے کہ وہ نام کے ساتھ’’فاضل دیوبند‘‘بڑے فخر کے ساتھ لکھتے تھے اوردیوبند کے حضرات اکابر تواکابر معمولی منتسبینِ دارالعلوم پربھی جان چھڑکتے اوران سے والہانہ محبت کرتے تھے۔ اگرچہ تصنیف وتالیف کے ذریعہ کوئی بڑا ذخیرہ انھوں نے یادگار نہیں چھوڑا ہے، تاہم’’انجمن ارباب علم پنجاب‘‘،’’اُردومرکز‘‘ایسے ادارے قائم کرکے اور’’ادبی دنیا‘‘اور’’شاہکار‘‘وغیرہ بلند پایہ رسالے نکال کر اور نوجوانوں میں صحیح اورشگفتہ ادبی وشعری ذوق پیداکرکے انھوں نے اردوزبان وادب کی جواہم خدمات انجام دی...
Challenges are part of the ways of life, and the Islamic world is suffering of the rupture and differentiates internal conflicts, and the chaos of thought and delayed civilization. The most prominent of these challenges, which the Islamic world is facing, is the phenomenon of globalization. Which included the three worlds, and sought to dominate them, and melt the people’s properties and this is what precipitated the emergence of numerous drawbacks, and the researcher specially mentioned, negative aspects of identity, ethics and the environment. Young people who are the hope and asset of this nation are able to turn dreams into realities, and hopes to practical projects, and ambitions to the visible achievements. They are worthwhile, and the most capable and powerful to meet these challenges. If they grasp the necessary requirements that qualify and stables them to face it and take advantage of its goodness, and avoid disadvantage. But if they stationed, and failed to do their duty, they offered loss and destruction to themselves and nation. Curriculum should be prepared in accordance with the system of Islamic values, which are the individual configuration integrated, in belief, thought, and behavior, and attention to the development of the curriculum, and make it combines tradition and modernity, and the distinction between fixed and variable, and have superior mental abilities. All these issues are addressed in this research the negative impact of globalization on the environment, ethics and then showed the importance of taking care of the human development of young people, through various training programs that earn young people skills, science, and sophisticated learning methodical thinking, proper planning, and positive participation in society, and carry responsibility, and foster in them the ability to dialogue and to develop in them the spirit of creativity and scientific research and rational dealing with crises, and tribulations, and the ability to solve problems and meet the challenges of globalizatio
Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)is a potentially useful adjunct to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in thecharacterization of focal brain lesions. This study was aimed at showing that by the additional use of MRS (MRI, MRS), the characterization of a focal brain lesion into neoplastic, or non- neoplastic (infective, or degenerative) can be improved, as compared to the use of MRI alone.
Study question: Does the additional use of MRS improve MRI differentiation of neoplastic from non- neoplastic (infective or degenerative) focal brain lesions?
Methods: The design was prospective, analytical and comparative. 80 consecutive patients were enrolled. Conventional MRI of the brain was performed then a single voxel proton MRS spectrum was applied to a focal brain lesion. A similar MRS spectrum was subsequently acquired from the contra-lateral normal area of the brain, for comparison. The MRI examination, followed by the MRI, MRS examination was then interpreted by two consultant radiologists and a resident radiologist in consensus. Kappa measurement of agreement was used to determine the agreement between the MRI and MRI, MRS with the final diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and accuracy of the two tests were calculated. The difference between the number of indeterminate lesions in the two tests was noted.
Logistic regression demonstrated the role of confounding factors in the diagnostic use of MRS.
Results: Of the eighty patients initially recruited, seventy four (92.5%) were analyzed, and six were lost to follow- up. According to the final diagnosis, 33% of the lesions were infections, 29% neoplastic, 37% degenerative and, 1% were indeterminate.
On the basis of the kappa analysis, MRI, MRS had an increase in agreement of 7.4% compared to MRI and the confidence levels of the two tests did not overlap. The sensitivity of MRI, MRS was 4.82 times greater than that of MRI. MRI, MRS had a 1.7% increase in accuracy. The combined test reduced the indeterminate MRI lesions by 5.4%. Logistic regression showed that for lesions which were enhancing, MRS yield was more helpful if the voxel position included the enhancing part.
Conclusion: The additional use of single voxel MRS improves the MRI characterization of neoplastic from non- neoplastic (infectious or degenerative) focal brain lesions. It is most useful as an additional protocol to conventional MRI in the characterization of neoplastic from non- neoplastic brain lesions.