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Women Rights in Pakistan and Other Countries Comparison Between Western and Eastern

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Ikram

Supervisor

Nadeem Amir

Program

MA

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

Campus Location

Faisalabad Campus

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

v, 77 . : ill. ; 30 cm.

Subject

Law

Language

English

Other

Includes bibliographical references.; Thesis (Master)--Riphah International University, 2018; English; Call No: 340 IKR

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712126304

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افضل العلماء ڈاکٹر عبدالحق

افضل العلماء ڈاکٹر عبدالحق
افسوس ہے افضل العلماء ڈاکٹر عبدالحق بھی پچھلے دنوں ستاون ۵۷ برس کی عمر میں راہی ملک بقا ہوگئے۔ شمالی ہند کے عوام میں توکم ہی لوگ ہوں گے جو مرحوم کوجانتے ہوں،البتہ جنوبی ہند میں ایک ایک بچّہ اُن سے واقف تھا اور مسلمان تواُن پرجان چھڑکتے تھے۔وہ جنوبی ہندکے ’’سرسید‘‘کہلاتے تھے۔ کیوں کہ انھوں نے مسلمان لڑکیوں اورلڑکوں کے سات اسکول اور کالج مدراس میں اپنی یاد گار چھوڑے ہیں۔علوم قدیمہ وجدیدہ دونوں کے مبصر عالم تھے۔پہلے کانپور کے ایک مدرسہ میں درس نظامی کی باقاعدہ تکمیل کی اوراس کے بعد انگریزی کے امتحانات کی طرف متوجہ ہوئے توآکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی سے ڈی فل کرکے ہی دم لیا۔ واپسی پرپہلے محمڈن کالج مدراس کے پروفیسر عربی اور پھر پرنسپل مقرر ہوئے، اس کے بعد مدراس کے گورنمنٹ پریسیڈنسی کالج کے پرنسپل ہوئے۔ یہاں سے پنشن لینے کے بعد مدراس کے پبلک سروس کمیشن کے ممبر اور آخر میں صدر بھی ہوگئے تھے ۔اﷲ تعالیٰ نے مرحوم کوعلمی اور عملی دونوں قسم کے کمالات سے نوازا تھا۔ علوم قدیمہ وجدیدہ کے نامور فاضل ہونے کے ساتھ صورۃً وسیرۃً نہایت راسخ العقیدہ مسلمان اورسچ مچ ایک مومن قانت تھے۔ نہایت جری اوردبنگ تھے، حق بات کے کہنے اورکرنے میں کسی کی ذرا پروا نہیں کرتے تھے۔برہان کے شروع سے خریدار اورندوۃ المصنفین کے بڑے قدردان تھے۔مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ کے کچھ دنوں پر و وائس چانسلر بھی رہے تھے۔انھیں دنوں میں کلکتہ یونیورسٹی کی ایک ضرورت سے کلکتہ تشریف لائے تو دیر ینہ تعلق کے پاس خاطر سے غریب خانہ کو بھی شرف قدوم سے نوازا۔ملاقات ہوئی اور شرف ہم طعامی بھی حاصل ہوا۔اس کے بعد مرحوم نے علی گڑھ میں مسلمان طلباء کے حقوق کے تحفظ کے سلسلہ میں جواقدامات کیے تھے وہ بڑے جوش وخروش کے ساتھ سنانے شروع کیے۔اتفاق ایسا ہوا...

پختون معاشرے کے مروجہ نجی فیصلوں میں تعزیر بالمال کی عملی صورتوں کا شرعی جائزہ

Pakht┴n society has its own justice system which has different types of penalties and remedies to maintain the justice in the society. This study concentrates to investigate the nature of pecuniary punishment’s practice in distressing issues like killing, civil injuries and criminal offences. Perpetrators are punished to resolve the disputes. On one hand, this paper aims to find out answer to the methods of inflicting decisions in Pakht┴n’s cult and on other hand, to shed light on the legal status of arbitration regarding resolving such issues in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah. Study results illustrate that in some cases the offenders are charged in term of money to facilitate the victims, while in other cases both of the parties, perpetrators and victims, are called upon on meal for reconciliation of their dispute. Besides this, sometimes it is observed that the offenders are not only awarded pecuniary punishment but they are exiled as well.

Residual Status and Air-Soil Exchange Fluxes of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment of Punjab Province, Pakistan

Contamination of different environmental compartments through persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is one of the most impending threats globally. The present study aims to investigate the first systematic data on the levels, distribution, possible sources and air-soil exchange fluxes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including organochlorine pesticide (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) and dechloran plus (DP) in the air, surface soil and sediment samples from agricultural and industrial areas of Punjab Province, Pakistan. The present study was conducted in the catchment area of River Ravi from Punjab Province which is the most populated province of Pakistan with a population >90 millions; approximately 56 % of the total population of the country. Surface soils and air samples were taken from ten (10) sampling stations in Punjab Province, while seven (7) sampling stations were selected on the River Ravi to collect surface sediments. Air concentrations of POPs were estimated by using the polyurethane foam passive air sampling (PUF-PAS) technique. Air–soil exchange of POPs was estimated by calculating the fugacities in soil and air samples. Concentrations of ΣOCPs and ΣPCBs were ranged from 121-705 pg m-3 and 35-389 pg m-3 for air samples, 24.6-248 ng g-1 and 6.7-45 ng g-1 for soils and 2.7 to 99 ng g-1 and 4.6 to 424 ng g-1 for sediments, respectively. DDTs and HCHs were dominant OCPs in all air, soils and sediments while among PCBs, tri-, tetra- and penta-CBs was frequently detected homologues. Comparison of OCPs and PCBs concentrations with available sediment guidelines indicated severe contamination of DDTs and PCBs in the study area. Different indicative ratios for organochlorine residues in both soils and sediments suggested current use, long range transport along with past application of these chemicals to the total burden. WHO-TEQ values of dioxin like Σ10PCBs for soil samples obtained were very high and met the limitations, recommended by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). Levels of ΣPBDEs and DPs ranged from 8.2-124.7 and 1.5-529 pg m-3 for air, 0.6-501 and 0.1-15 ng g-1 for soil and 1.0-2599 and 0.3-4.7 ng g-1 for sediment samples, respectively. BDE-209 was the most abundant PBDE congener, indicating that deca-BDE accounts for most of the total PBDE emitted in the environment of the Punjab Province. The lower average fractions of anti-DP showed significant differences to those of the technical mixtures, indicating lack of DP production source in Pakistan. In general, POPs level in the current study were found lower and/or within the range of other studies reported throughout the world. Conversely, OCPs and PCBs concentrations in riverine sediments were found much higher than previously reported in Pakistan. Air–soil exchange of POPs was estimated by calculating the fugacities in soil and air samples. In the present study, fugacity fractions (ff) values suggested that soils are acting as a secondary source of DDTs to contaminate the atmosphere at certain sampling stations while other areas showed equilibrium and/or atmospheric deposition status. By our results, it is concluded that globally banned organic pollutants are still used/emitted in the catchment area of River Ravi. Our findings also drew attention that elevated levels of DDTs, HCHs, PCBs (tri- and tetra-), and BDE-209 in the study area must be considered as an important environmental issue and steps should be taken to control excessive discharge of organic pollutants in the local environment. The current study also encouraged to conduct more detailed studies to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these contaminants in the environment of Pakistan.