ایل۔کے۔گابا
افسوس ہے کہ ایک دن کے فرق سے یعنی۲۴اور۲۵/اکتوبر کوبمبئی میں دو ممتاز شخصیتوں مسٹر ایل۔کے۔گابا اورپروفیسر اصغر علی فیضی کا انتقال بیاسی برس کی عمر میں ہوگیا۔اوّل الذکر اصلاً پنجابی ہندواورلاہور کے نامی گرامی بیرسٹر تھے تقسیم کے بعد ہندوستان آکر بمبئی میں مستقل سکونت اختیارکرلی تھی ادھر ایک مدت سے گمنام تھے، لیکن ایک زمانہ تھاجب انھوں نے اسلام قبول کیااورایک مسلمان خاتون سے شادی کی اورپھراس کے بعداسلام کی حمایت میں نہایت پُرزور مضامین لکھے اور جگہ جگہ تقریریں کیں۔ اُس زمانہ میں اُن کانام بچہ بچہ کی زبان پر تھا۔ انگریزی کے بڑے اچھے انشاپرداز تھے۔اسی زمانہ میں رسوائے زمانہ کتاب مادرہند (Mother India)کاانھوں نے دندان شکن جواب لکھا جس کا بڑا چرچا ہوا، آنحضرت ﷺ پران کی کتاب(Prophet of The Desert) بھی بہت مشہور ہوئی۔ [نومبر۱۹۸۱ء]
Islam is a religion of peace, love and prosperity. It emphasis on moral values and strongly forbids from immoral acts. Commitment to the former is ultimate way to the paradise, while the latter leads to Hell, which is an abode, where deviants from the righteousness are punished for their misdeeds. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) showed the importance of morality through the deeds and actions. “Ta┴riyā” is an act which is a part of morality. It is an act which escapes a human being from telling a lies strongly forbidden in Islam, being a root cause of manly social avoid. Usually“Ta┴riyā” is adopted so as to avoid differences and turmoil on a group of individuals. By“Ta┴riyā” means speaking a statement which is equivoques i.e. At the same it gives too meaning apparent and the hidden. Now the question arises whether “Ta┴riyā” is considered as lie or truth. It cannot be termed either lie or truth. However, in many traditions, it has been negated as a lie. At some occasions, when a person feels to tell a lie, for the sake of bringing peace, then it is advised than he should bring on use the act of “Ta┴riyā” but. The reality manipulated be in such a way so it could be termed as lie.
This study examines the effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Growth in the context of Pakistan. The current structure of fiscal arrangements in Pakistan consists of three tiers, federal, provincial and local. Resources are distributed among these tiers through National Finance Commission (NFC) and Provincial Finance Commission (PFC) awards. Besides, local governments also receive random transfers including special/development grants, discretionary funds of parliamentarians and executives, etc. Empirical theorists postulate that Fiscal Decentralization may have positive effects on economic growth due to its efficiency advantages. However, it may have negative effects on economic growth and brings macroeconomic instability when it is not accompanied by enhancing the skill of local government apparatus and by better political accountability. Following the theoretical models of fiscal decentralization presented by Barro (1990) and Davoodi & Zou (1998), we have developed a model for this study in the context of Pakistan and within the framework of a simple endogenous growth model, Johansen’s co-integration technique is used to estimate the effects of fiscal decentralization on economic growth in Pakistan for the period from 1972 to 2010. The study uses expenditures and revenues as indicators of fiscal decentralization and a set of control variables in the analysis.However, due to paucity of data at local level, it is assumed that over the time, public spending and revenue generation is done by two tiers of government i.e federal and provincial. Empirical results show that fiscal decentralization has positive and significant effects on economic growth in the long run but there is weaker evidence for the short run in case of Pakistan during the period of analysis. In addition, fiscal decentralization is also positively associated with private investment and macroeconomic stability over the sample period of the study.