ضیاء الحسن علوی مرحوم
افسوس کہ میرے رفیق قدیم اور صدیق حمیم مولوی ضیاء الحسن صاحب علوی ندوی نے ایک مختصر علالت کے بعد ۱۴؍ جون ۱۹۴۵ء کو الہ آباد میں جہاں وہ عربی مدرسوں کے انسپکٹر اور مشرقی امتحانوں کے رجسٹرار تھے ستاون برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی، اس حادثہ کی اطلاع مجھے ۱۸؍ جون کو لکھنو میں اسی مدرسہ میں ملی جہاں میں اور مرحوم مل کر ایک جان دو قالب ہوئے تھے، افسوس کہ ایک قالب خالی ہوگیا، اور دوسرا نیم جان موجود ہے، مرحوم مجھ سے عمر میں تقریباً پانچ برس چھوٹے (گو تعلیم کے درجہ میں وہ ایک سال بڑے تھے) اس لئے بظاہر امید یہی تھی کہ انہی کو میری جدائی کا صدمہ برداشت کرنا پڑے گا، مگر تقدیر یہی تھی کہ مجھے ان کے فراق کا غم سہنا پڑے اس لئے امید غلط ثابت ہوئی، اور تقدیر کا فرمان نافذ ہوکر رہا۔
اکنوں چہ تواں کرد کہ تقدیر چنیں بود
مرحوم کا کوری ضلع لکھنؤ کے مشہور علوی خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، دارلعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے حامیوں بلکہ بانیوں میں رؤساء کا جو طبقہ شامل تھا، ان میں منشی محمد اطہر علی صاحب مرحوم کا نام بہت جلی ہے، یہ خاندان قطب وقت حضرت مولانا شاہ فضل الرحمان صاحب گنج مراد آبادی رحمتہ اﷲ علیہ کا ارادتمند و معتقد تھا، جو ندوہ کی تحریک کے روحانی مرکز و مدار تھے، اس لئے جب ۱۸۹۸ء (۱۳۱۶ھ) میں لکھنو میں ندوہ کا دارالعلوم کھلا تو منشی صاحب مرحوم نے اس درس گاہ کو اپنے سب سے چھوٹے بچے اور ایک ننھے بھتیجے کو نذر کیا، یہی ننھا بھتیجا مولوی ضیاء الحسن صاحب علوی ندوی تھے، دارالعلوم کے طلبہ کے داخلہ میں ان کا نمبر شاید دوسرا تیسرا تھا، عربی کی پوری تعلیم یہیں حاصل کی اور یہیں سے فراغت...
“This Quran has been revealed in seven different ways; so, recite it in the way that is easier for you.” This hadith is Recurrent in meaning. The narrator Imam Abu Ubaid Qasim Bin Salam (R.A) has elucidated its recurrence. Imam Abn-e- Jouzi (R.A) has collected all its ways in a Journal. What is meant by “Seven Words” in this Hadith? It has been a controversial point among the ulemas and scholars. And no doubt, it has been regarded as the most difficult debate of Uloom-ul- Quran. There have been severe controversies in this regard, so far as Allama Ibn-e - Arabi has mentioned thirty-five sayings. Some of them are as following:
Some think these are the ways of recitations of seven famous Qaries.
Some think that it means all the ways of recitations. But “Seven” does not means the number 07, because in Arabic language, it is used to describe the plenty of something. Qazi Ayyaz from Earleir Ulemas had the same opinion, while in the later period; Shah Wali-Ullah also had the same views.
Some think that it means seven dialects of Arab Tribes. Imam Abu Hatim Sajestani (R.A) determined the name of these languages. They are Quraish, Hazial, Teem, Al-Rubab, Azd, Rabbia, Hawazan, and Saad bin Abi-Bakar. Hafiz Abn-e- Jareer Tibri (R.A) agreed to this school of thought. The fourth famous saying is that of Imam Tehavi (R.A.) he says that although he Holy Quran has been revealed in the dialect of Quraish. But it was difficult for the people of other tribes, which came of different areas of Arab. That is why, in the beginning, they were permitted to recite the Holy Quran in their local languages, and the words or ways were determined by the holy prophet (P.B.U.H) himself. Later, it was prohibited. There remained only the one way of recitation in which the holy Quran was revealed. HAzrat Sufian bin Aiena (R.A), Abn-e-Wahab (R.A) and Hafiz Ibn-e- Abdul Bar (R.A) agreed to this opinion.
Famous interpreter Allama Nizamul Din Nishapori (R.A) says that it means the following differences in the recitation.
Differences between Singular and Plurals
Differences between Muscular and Feminine
Differences of the causes of Araabs
Differences of Morphology (Formation of Words)
Differences of syntax (Sentence Structure)
Differences of the ways which changes words
Differences of dialects
Allama Abn-e- Qutaiba, (R.A), Imam Razi Qazi (R.A) and Abu Bakar(R.A) and Abn-e Aljuzri (R.A) also adopted this saying of Allama Nisahpuri.(R.A).
The study aimed at the survey of coverage, Quality, New Trends and Instructional Practices of Open and Virtual
universities in Pakistan. This study also focused upon exploring the actual impact of Open and Virtual
universities in expanding access to higher education in Pakistan and identifying innovations and good practices
in ICT-assisted learning in Open and Virtual universities in Pakistan. Procedure adopted for this study
contained desk review, observation of PVCs, study centers, getting the opinion of students, teachers and
administrators through questionnaires, interview schedule and FGDs.
The study concluded that AIOU had provided wider opportunities of access to higher education in almost all
disciplines of social, natural & management sciences because of its flexibility, tutorial services & regional
network. On contrary Virtual University has progressed at comparatively slower pace because of being only
ICT dependent. However both the universities have potential in expanding access to higher education in
Pakistan at least @ 10-25% per year.
The study further revealed that both the universities have jumped into the innovation and good practices of
online education, video conferencing, e-assessment & e-learning in providing education at bachelor & master
level. Both the universities have tremendous potential of entering into other innovations and good practices in
ICT-assisted learning to compete the contemporary regime of open and virtual learning.