آہ! جناب فخرالدین علی احمد صاحب صدر جمہوریہ ہند
معارف کے اس شمارہ کی طباعت ہوچکی تھی کہ یکایک ریڈیو سے صدر جمہوریہ ہند کی المناک رحلت کی خبر ملی، ملک اس قدر جلد ان کی دائمی جدائی کے لیے تیار نہ تھا، فلک کا کیا بگڑتا جو نہ وہ مرتے کوئی دن اور، پہلے ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین مرحوم اور اب جناب فخرالدین علی احمد کی وفات راشٹرپتی بھون ہی میں ہوئی، دونوں کی صدارت کے ساتھ،
پیچھے پیچھے وہ دبے پاؤں قضا بھی آئی
وہ جاچکے، جب ان کی سوانح عمری لکھی جائے گی تو وہ ایک پرجوش مجاہد آزادی، قابل فخر محب وطن، کامیاب بیرسٹر، آسام کے معزز ایڈوکیٹ جنرل، اسی ریاست کی حکومت کے قابل اعتماد وزیر خزانہ، پھر ملک کی لوک سبھا کے ہر دلعزیز ممبر، اقوام متحدہ کے ہندوستانی وفد کے بڑے لائق رکن، مرکزی حکومت کے مختلف محکموں کے بہت ہی کارگزار وزیر سیکولرزم کے بہترین نمائندہ، قومی یکجہتی کے زریں نشان اور آخر میں جمہوریہ ہند کے محبوب صدر کی حیثیت سے برابر یاد کئے جائیں گے، ہندوستان کی خارزار سیاست میں داخل ہوکر کسی مسلمان رہنما کا کامیاب ہونا آسان نہیں، کچھ مسلمان قائد ایسے ہوئے جو مسلمانوں میں تو مقبول تھے لیکن ہندوؤں میں اچھی نظروں سے نہیں دیکھے گئے اور کچھ مسلمان لیڈر ایسے بھی گذرے جو ہندوؤں میں تو محبوب لیکن مسلمانوں میں غیر محبوب رہے، جناب فخرالدین علی احمد صاحب کا نمایاں وصف یہ تھا کہ وہ دونوں حلقوں میں عزت کی نگاہوں سے دیکھے گئے، ان کے کسی اخباری بیان کسی عمل کی نشاندہی نہیں کی جاسکتی ہے، جس سے ہندو خوش اور مسلمان ناخوش یا مسلمان خوش اور ہندو ناخوش ہوئے۔
ان کی علم نوازی کی یادوں کی بھی مشعل روشن رہے گی، ۱۹۶۹ء میں غالب کی صدسالہ برسی پورے ملک میں ان...
Dr. Shari'ati is a revolutionary intellectual personality of this century. He regarded Islamic values as the guarantee of salvation and success for humanity. He sought to mobilize and revive frozen Islamic ideas. That is, tried to bring the Islamic concept out of the boundaries of formal and congested boundaries into common and general thoughts. Dr. Shari'ati also presented a unique view that divine Imam transcends than worldly governments and this divine leadership cannot be determined by (Shuraiet). Rather, it can be diagnosed by an obvious reason (Nass). This doctrine of Dr. Shari'ati is contrary to the ideology of the Sunni and the Shi'ite’s concept of Imamat and Khilafat because the Sunni sect believes that Khilafat Or Imamt should be determine by the Shurait (Council) and Shiites by the will(Nass). According to Dr. Shairathi, Imamat cannot be determining through Shourait or Nass but it can be identified by the superior attributes of the Imam. He believes that Imamat is not an external factor which can gain by attainment or by choice; rather, it is an Inherit object. In accepting this doctrine of Dr. Shari'ati, than the Imamat becomes a part of the system of naturalism (Takveeni). That makes the Imamat not a model process for humanity. So it would be a complicated issue to discuss and discover either the theory of Dr. Shari'ati is a applicable idea of Imamat or it is a just onlyu idialogy which cannot be practiced. The dissertation has been written to examine the reality of these two cases either Imamat is inherit case or it can be attainment case through Shouriat or Nass.
A new trend in insurance sector is focusing more on customer rather than product so it is very hard to differentiate among insurance products in rapidly growing competitive market.In Pakistan, insurance sector is increasingly more concerned about customer satisfaction by improving service quality. Today, it is highly desirable for insurance sector to focus on customer driven approach to become market leader. The trend for group life insurance is growing rapidly merely because employer is becoming more concerned about the lives of their employees. Due to commercialization and Globalization in insurance sector, service quality and its dimensions have prime importance to influence consumer?s behavioral intentions in this sector. Based on service Quality such intentions can be an important factor either to ?Survive? in the market or to ?Exit?. This study highlights that customers of both public and private insurance companies are vigilant and showing the concern about quality of service in group life insurance for their employees.
The major objective of this research is to examine the services quality dimensions and their effect on behavioral intentions of customers. This study has three major folds e.g., first is to determine customers? perceptions regarding service quality for group life insurance. Second is to examine the key dimensions of service quality in group life insurance. Third is to determine the degree to which behavioral intention can be assessed by service quality dimensions. Data has been collected from 218 insurance sector respondents by using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression have been used to analyze the data.
The study reveals that there is medium positive impact of competence and technology (dimensions of Service quality) on customer loyalty (Behavioral Intention). In addition, weak positive impact of assurance, tangibility and corporate image on loyalty. On other hand, personalized financial planning has failed to support the proposed hypothesis.
Moderate impact of Corporate image on customer switching has been determined as highest. Moreover, competence and tangibility has moderate influence on customer switching, assurance and Technology have weak effect on the customer switching. On contrary, personalized financial planning has insignificant influence on customer switching, therefore both the proposed hypothesis is not supported.
This research has been conducted initially in Pakistan group life insurance sector; therefore business entities can achieve the key determinants (e.g., competence, Corporate image) and its positive effect on customer loyalty.