پرنس کائتانی ؍ پروفیسر گویدی ؍ پروفیسر اسنوک ہرخردنئے
امسال مرحوم مارما ڈیوک پکتھال کے علاوہ ن کو ہم سب جانتے تھے، کئی نامور مستشرقین نے وفات پائی، اٹلی کے پرنس کائتانی اور پروفیسر گویدی اور لائڈن کے پروفیسر اسنوک ہر خردنئے نے امسال ہماری دنیا کو الوداع کیا، پرنس کائتانی تاریخ اسلام کے عالم اور گویدی عربوں کے ریاضیات اور جغرافیہ کے ماہر اور اسنوک ہر خردنئے ’محمڈنزم‘ نامی کتاب کے مصنف ہیں جس کو انھوں نے خطبہ کی صورت میں امریکہ کی ’’مجلسِ تاریخِ مذاہب‘‘ میں پیش کیا تھا اور بھی دوسری کتابیں اور مضامین ان کے قلم سے نکلے تھے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۳۶ء)
Plant are benefitted in different aspects by symbiotic bacteria. Environmental conditions, Plant conditions and type of pathogens determine these important services for plants Objective: The research was conducted to assess the plant growth enhancing effects of wheat and cabbage rhizobacteria on the growth of wheat plantMethods: For this purpose, total 49 bacteria were isolated and characterized from the rhizosphere of wheat and cabbage plants. The isolates were assessed for plant growth promoting properties such as: indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, antibacterial activity and heavy metal resistance. Indole acetic acid was found to be produced by 7 isolates and phosphate solubilization was shown by 20 isolates. Antibacterial activity was determined against four clinical isolates like Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosaResults: Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was shown by 38 isolates, 12 isolates showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp, whereas no isolate was found to bepositive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Another plant growth enhancing trait (heavy metal resistance) was shown by 28 rhizobacteria. In order to evaluate the capability of isolates to enhance the plant growth, bio-inoculation assay was performed using wheat seedsConclusions: Rhizobacterial inoculation increased the number of roots, shoots, leaves and roots and shoot length of wheat plantlets as compared to un-inoculated control.
Agro-management practices for boosting yield and quality of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) were studied at the Agronomic Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The study consisted of two field experiments. The first experiment comprised of two zinc levels i.e. control ( no zinc application), zinc at the rate of 15 kg ha -1 ; two intercropping levels i.e. maize alone, maize + 2 rows of green gram and four nitrogen levels i.e. control ( no nitrogen application), 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha -1 . In second experiment the effect of boron i.e. control, boron (as boric acid) at the rate of 6 kg ha -1 : intercropping green gram i.e. maize alone, maize + 2 rows of green gram and four combined organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen i.e. control (no nitrogen application), 50% N from urea + 25% N from farm yard manure + 25% N from poultry manure, 25% N from urea + 50% N from farm yard manure + 25% N from poultry manure and, 25% N from urea + 25% N from farm yard manure + 50 % N from poultry manure was evaluated on growth and yield of maize. Both the experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangement each with three replications. Data on different growth and yield parameters of maize and green gram was recorded using standard procedures and was analyzed by appropriate statistical techniques. The objectives of this study were to identify an effective and low cost N level for maize hybrid when intercropped with green gram, to compare the economic feasibility of maize hybrid alone and intercropped with green gram and with combined use of organic and inorganic sources of N, to study the effect of N, intercropping green gram, Zn and their interaction on the maize crop performance and to study the role of N, Zn and B for augmenting productivity and quality of maize hybrid. Result of the study revealed that maximum grain rows per cob (16.10), grains per cob (524), grain weight per cob (66.67g), 1000-grain weight (301g), grain yield (6.89 t ha -1 ), oil contents (4.46%), protein contents (9.18 %), ccompetition functions (relative crowding co- efficient, aggressivity value, competition ratio), agronomic advantages (maize grain yield equivalent, land equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio) and net income (Rs.151580) and BCR (2.70) were observed in Zn 1 I 1 N 3 (15 kg Zn ha -1 + 250 kg N ha -1 in maize intercropped with 2 rows of green gram) which was statistically at par with Zn 1 I 1 N 2 (15kg Zn ha -1 + 200 kg N ha -1 in maize intercropped with 2 rows of green gram). xxIn second experiment, results illustrated that maximum grains rows per cob (16.30) grains per cob (545.33), grain weight per cob (67.67g), 1000-grain weight (275.67g), grain yield (5.83 t ha -1 ), oil content (4.51%), protein content (8.36%), net income (Rs.124238 ha -1 ) agronomic advantages (maize grain yield equivalent, land equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio) and BCR (2.55) were observed in B 1 I 1 N 1 (6 kg B ha -1 + 50 % N (Urea) + 25 % N (FYM) + 25 % N (PM) in maize intercropped with green gram). These studied concluded that application of Zn and B along with nitrogen enhanced the yield of hybrid maize. Moreover different organic sources as farm yard manure, poultry manure and intercropping of green gram was useful in not only reducing reliance upon synthetic sources of nitrogen fertilizer but also helped in reducing the net costs.