ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی ادبی خدمات کا اجمالی جائزہ
شاعر علی شاعرؔ
حمد و نعت خوانی کا ذکر ہو یا حمد و نعت نگاری کی بات، یا پھر نعتیہ ادب کی تنقید و تحقیق، تدوین و ترتیب کا تذکرہ، بات ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد تک پہنچتی ہے۔ اُنھوں نے حمد و نعت جیسی متبرک اصنافِ سخن سے خود کو نصف صدی سے وابستہ کیا ہوا ہے۔ یہی اُن کا اوڑھنا بچھونا ہے اور اُنھوں نے اپنی زندگی کے تمام ماہ و سال اِنھی متبرک اصنافِ سخن کو دیے ہوئے ہیں اور خود کو حمد و نعت کی تخلیق، تنقید، تحقیق، ترویج، فروغ اور اشاعت کے لیے وقف کیا ہوا ہے۔ یہی اُن کا تخصص ہے اور یہی اُن کی انفرادیت ، کیوں کہ ہزار ہا افراد جو حمد و نعت سے اگروابستہ ہیں تو جزوقتی، ایک طرف وہ کوئی نہ کوئی دیگر مصروفیات رکھتے ہیں اور دوسری طرف حمد و نعت کا کام کرتے ہیں، مگر ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کو میں نے ہمیشہ ایک ہی کام کی طرف مائل دیکھا ہے وہ ہے حمد و نعت کا فروغ۔ وہ ذکر بھی کرتے ہیں تو حمد و نعت نگاری کا۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ ہمیشہ اُن کو محافلِ نعت میں بہ حیثیت نعت خواں، نعتیہ مشاعروں میں بہ حیثیت نعت گو شاعر اور نعتیہ ادب کے پروگراموں میں بہ حیثیت نظامت کار دیکھا ہے۔
یہ حقیقت ہے کہ جس قلم کار کے ہاتھ میں اللہ رب العزت نے قلم تھما دیا ہو وہ سبھی کچھ لکھ سکتا ہے اور لکھتا ہے۔ سیکڑوں افراد نے قلمی نگارشات کو اپنا ذریعۂ معاش بنایا ہوا ہے، مگر میں نے ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کو حمد و نعت کے علاوہ نہ تو کبھی غزل پر لکھتے پایا اور نہ کبھی کسی غزلیہ مجموعے پر مقدمہ تحریر کرتے دیکھا۔ وہ خفیہ ہو...
Human history is replete with preposterous and unjustifiable incidents of unearned sufferings against the women. Sometimes they were maltreated and molested harshly and sometimes they were abused, persecuted bestially. Contrary to these incidents occasionally they were considered superior and super angelic but on the contrary Islam has bestowed a dignified status to them regarding their rights and responsibilities. In this regard a comprehensive manifestation has been introduced by the Islam and until this manifestation was being followed by the Muslims no single complain was lodged by any woman against the violation of her basic in the Islamic societies till the climax of Islamic regime. But today some European countries are holding discussions to impose illegal sanctions against the veil of women and girls. The parliament of France has approved a discriminatory law against veil of the Muslim women or girls. It is amazing that Christian nun is at her liberty to cover her head with scarf or not but if Muslim women consider themselves safe in veil they are contemptuously scorned with derision and disdained. In this article views of France and Islamic teachings have been brought under discussion.
In teaching learning process, emphasis is laid mostly on teacher centered approach, whereas it is responsibility of learner to learn the material. Teacher’s job is to teach the students learning methods and strategies. Cognitive psychologists emphasize to use the cognitive and metacognitive strategies for learning. There is a variety of study strategies being used in the West, to understand, store, retrieve and use information. PQ4R study strategy is one of them. However, in Pakistan, no evidence could be found in the area of research regarding this study strategy. The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of PQ4R study strategy on scholastic achievement of secondary school students in the subject of Pakistan Studies. The accessible population of the study was 10th grade girls students studying in Govt. Girls Secondary Schools in District Rawalpindi. The sample school was selected out of 121 schools of District Rawalpindi through random sampling, and a sample of 104 girl students was randomly selected out of 390 girls students studying in the school. It was a pre-test post-test control group design of study which involved two variables. The independent variable was the PQ4R study strategy and the dependent variable was the scholastic achievement of students. The main objectives of the study were to measure the scholastic achievement of students at secondary school level before the experiment, to expose the experimental group to PQ4R method of study, to teach the control group through traditional method without using PQ4R method, to measure the scholastic achievement of experimental group and control group after the treatment, to compare the scholastic achievement of experimental group and control group after the experiment and to compare the scholastic achievement of high achievers and low achievers of experimental group and the control group after the treatment. The high achievers and low achievers were identified by using first and third quartiles. The data collected through pre-test and post-test were summarized through the use of measures of central tendency and variability. Significance difference between both the comparison groups in pre-test and post-test was analyzed by using t-test at 0.05 level of confidence. How the comparison groups were alike and unlike each other was analyzed through overlapping between the two. The Study results indicated that PQ4R was any effective study strategy that improved the scholastic achievement of students. Both the high achievers and low achievers improved in their scholastic achievement, however, high achievers took more advantage than the low achievers. These results are in line with the results of some previously conducted research studies such as Salim (2010); Rahim, et al. (2010); Bagherpour, Abdollahzadeh and Valipour (2009); Rodil (2009); Lee (2004); Ping (2000); Katayama and Robinson (2000); King (1992) and Faryal (2005). Teachers are recommended to teach the students the use of PQ4R learning strategy while teaching the content, students are recommended to use this strategy while studying the material. Curriculum designers are suggested to use this strategy in designing the curriculum, and this is much neglected but rich area for future researchers.