یہ زخم اپنے دل کا تو سِل بھی سکتا تھا
تُو کن اگر جو کہتا وہ مل بھی سکتا تھا
پژمردہ سا یہ غنچہ ہم دل ہیں جس کو کہتے
گر ساتھ وہ جو چلتا تو کھل بھی سکتا تھا
The current millennial generation, includes santri, who have digital literacy skills, but unfortunately it has not been matched by ability to use digital media to obtain information and self development. The purpose of the research was to determine the extent to which students’ digital literacy skills, how to use digital literacy as a basis for religious moderation learning, and the obstacles faced during the training on the use of digital literacy at the Al-Hijrah Islamic Boarding School Tingkir Salatiga. This research is a qualitative and participatory action research. Data collection techniques used are participant observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses Mile and Hubermen in the form of reduction, presentation, and conclusions. The research procedure includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The result of the studi show that digital literacy can be used as a basis for learning religious moderation. The students at the Al-Hijrah Islamic Boarding School can get digital content in the form of religious moderation material from website, social media, and others. The students also take advantage of digital literacy to create religious moderation content.
The present research project was designed to study the psychosocial determinants and consequences of psychopathic trends in forensic and non-forensic samples. The sequential explanatory mixed methods research design was used. The project comprised three phases. In phase I of the study, two study measures: Self- Reported Psychopathy Scale-III-R (Paulhus, Neumann & Hare, 2009) and Tromoso Social Intelligence Scale (Silvera, Martinussen, & Dahl, 2001) were translated and validated. Phase II was designed to assess the determinants and consequences of psychopathic trends in forensic and non-forensic samples. In Phase II, a correlational survey study was carried out on a non-forensic sample (n= 550) and a forensic sample (n= 200) with 500 men and 250 women of age range between 20-44 years (M age= 29.0; SD= 6.8). The forensic sample was taken from District and Central jails of Faisalabad city while, the comparable nonforensic sample was selected from the general population of Punjab province. Demographic data sheet, Self- Report Psychopathy Scale (Paulhus et al., 2009), Social Intelligence Scale (Silvera et al., 2001), Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Rohner, 2005), Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well Being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) were used to collect the data. The results of regression analyses revealed that three negative personality predispositions (viz., dependency, negative self- adequacy and emotional unresponsiveness), two factors of social intelligence (viz., social information processing and social awareness), psychopathic trends (primary and secondary), and demographic variables (gender and job-type: government and private) appeared as the significant predictors of psychological well- being while, negative personality predispositions (composite score, a subtype of negative personality disposition: self- esteem), and income groups significantly predicted satisfaction with life. In mediational path analysis, psychopathic trends appeared as significant mediators between overall negative personality predispositions, psychological well- being and life satisfaction; similarly, in another mediation model, psychopathic trends mediated the relationship between social intelligence, psychological well -being and life satisfaction. In MANOVA, group differences appeared on three study variables (i.e., psychopathic trends, negative personality predispositions, and psychological well- being) in terms of gender, and on all study variables in terms of other selective demographic variables (i.e., income, job-type: government /private, and study groups: forensic and non-forensic). In Phase III, a qualitative study with a sample of 20 (n= 10 forensic; n= 10 non-forensic) who scored 2 SD above the mean on the Self- Report Psychopathy Scale-III in Phase II was carried out to indigenously explore the determinants and consequences of psychopathic trends. The age of the sample ranged between 20-44 years. The forensic sample comprised (6 men; 4 women) while non-forensic samples consisted (10 men) from the general population of Faisalabad District. A thematic analysis revealed nine major themes with respect to psychosocial determinants of psychopathic trends (viz., adverse childhood experiences, parenting/ parental attributes, home environment, sibling’s interaction, social factors, punishment, contextual factors, involvement in illegal/ criminal acts and negative personality attributes). The consequences of psychopathic trends appeared in five major themes (viz., psychological issues, social issues, health issues, financial/ professional issues and changed self). In addition to unique indigenous factors contributing to psychopathic trends, the qualitative study validated the results of the quantitative study. Implications of the study were discussed.