عناية أئمة النقد الحديثي بفقه الحديث

It is generally perceived in contemporary intellectual movements that canonical Traditionalists did not take had฀th text into consideration as their scholarly efforts were limited to the evaluation of had฀th chains. Aforementioned notion - in my opinion - originates from shallow study of methodology adopted by canonical had฀th critics، as a deeper look into their scholarly works reveals that sciences of had฀th includes the authentication and disparagement of traditions as well as comprehension and deduction from had฀th content. The sole objective of early Traditionalists from transmission، collection of had฀th، its evaluation، authentication and disparagement was to safeguard the true meaning of Sunnah and to transmit it in its pure form to the successors. In fact the peculiarity of their work is that they exert all efforts in order to deal with had฀th as a single undivided whole، where examination of content was not irrelevant to the evaluation of chain، their conscientious efforts recorded in major works of had฀th show how they evaluated content of had฀th to determine that it was not contradictory to Shari‘ah، or with another sound tradition، as there was a possibility that a certain reliable reporter made mistake or speculated in transmitting the meaning of had฀th. Therefore we witness them disparaging a certain transmitter for his negligence and errors whereas his had฀th is forsaken، moreover they would not consider him a Traditionalists or muhaddith฀n if excessive speculations were found in his report. This research paper aims at investigating the aforementioned hypothesis.

The impact of various entrepreneurial interventions during the business plan competition on the entrepreneur identity aspirations of participants

The purpose of this thesis is to measure how entrepreneurial interventions during a business plan competition workshop impact the aspiration of the participants to become entrepreneurs in the future. INVENT 2013 was a nation-wide business plan competition in which university students from all over Pakistan (around 3000 students) participated. This was a 5 month process which involved a lot of training and mentoring during the various rounds. The interventions to promote entrepreneurship took place in the form of lectures, workshops, case studies, and mentoring sessions. The survey was conducted during the initial workshops in the form of questionnaires from students towards the end of the workshop. In this thesis, we evaluate the results of this survey. To test the model, the constructs of psychological characteristics, intellectual capital, entrepreneurial skills and business program exploration were validated followed by factor analysis and structural equation modelling. We found out that the entrepreneurial interventions carried out in the workshops led to positive relationships between the variables and had a positive impact on the Entrepreneur Identity Aspiration of the participants