محمد اقبال منہاس(۱۹۴۱ء۔۱۹۹۰ء) نام اور اقبالؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ آپ کے آباؤ اجداد کا تعلق پسرور سے تھا۔ آپ کے والد ملازمت کے سلسلے میں عراق میں مقیم تھے۔ جہاں اقبال منہاس پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ نے انٹر سے ایم ۔انگلش تک تعلیم گورنمنٹ مرے کالج سیالکوٹ سے حاصل کی۔ انھوں نے انگریزی ادب میں ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری بھی حاصل کی ۔آپ دوران طالب علمی’’ مرے کالج میگزین ‘‘کے حصہ اردو کے مدیر بھی رہے۔ اور اسی کالج میں بحیثیت استاد بھی کام کیا۔ (۹۶۵) منہاس کے علمی و ادبی ،تحقیقی و تنقیدی مضامین اور غزلیں ’’شمع‘‘ ،دہلی ،’’سیپ‘‘، ’’فنون‘‘ ،’’اوراق‘‘،’’افکار‘‘ اور ’’رابطہ‘‘ میں شائع ہو چکی ہیں۔ آپ کا ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’آبِ گریزاں‘‘ شائع ہو چکا ہے جسے معروف شاعر طاہر نظامی نے مرتب کیا ہے۔ ’’آب گریزاں‘‘ میں نظمیں ،غزلیں ،قطعات اور رباعیات شامل ہیں۔
اقبال منہاس کی شاعری کے لہجے میں نیا پن پایا جاتا ہے۔ ان کے ہاں موضوعات کی جدت، جدید حسیات اور نئی لفظیات ملتی ہیں:
وہ لوگ پھول سے کومل وجود رکھتے ہیں
وہ جن کے دامن رنگین میں خار ہوتے ہیں
شمع جلے نہ کوئی پھول ہی کھلے جن پر
وہی تو اہلِ وفا کے مزار ہوتے ہیں
(۹۶۶)
áاقبالؔ ایک حساس شاعر اور حساس انسان ہیں ۔ وہ عام انسانوں کے مقابلے میں معاشرہ میں ہونیوالی نا انصافیوں اور استحصال کو جلد محسوس کرتے ہیں۔ اقبال منہاس اپنے ارد گرد ظلم ، معاشی و سماجی نا ہمواری اور انسانی بے بسی کو دیکھتے ہیں تو خاموش تماشائی نہیں بنتے۔ ان کی شخصیت اور شاعری میں ایک محتاط رویہ بھی ملتا ہے۔ اور...
This study discusses tourists gude overview regarding the destination of tourism place in Gorontalo. This sort of inquire about is quantitative. Information collection strategies in this consider incorporate perception, this strategy is done by watching all exercises at the inquire about locationThe results shows that in terms of openness, Gorontalo has met the standard of accessibility of get to for sightseers to enter and exit Gorontalo as well as most of the get to to different visitor attractions in Gorontalo Tourism Goals. It is fundamental to extend the quality of human assets within the tourism division in Gorontalo. An appraisal of the uniqueness of Gorontalo culture which is considered exceptionally great may be a reality that happens in each locale in Indonesia since Indonesia is wealthy in social differing qualities which of course has its possess uniqueness.
Pakistan is a Federation where powers are distributed between the Federal Government and Governments of the Provinces. The Federal Government has the authority to deal with implementation of international environmental conventions. The Federal Government, while exercising the said authority, has ratified a number of international environmental conventions. In 2010, an Amendment was made to the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973, whereby, the subject of environment, pollution and ecology were transferred to the Provinces. This situation gave rise to fundamental questions relating to the competence of the Federal Government to implement obligations under international environmental conventions ratified from time to time. The fundamental questions include the questions as to how the Federal Government will make compliance of international environmental conventions where the subjects of environment fall within the Provincial Jurisdiction, what is nature of relationship between the Federal and the Provincial Governments in the context of environment, have the laws of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa been modified in accordance with the international environmental conventions, and what is the structure of governance in environmental matters. These questions are analyzed in the thesis with reference to international environmental conventions, national policies and plans, the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973, and statutory laws of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The thesis contains seven Chapters. Chapter 1 is about introduction of the thesis where the issue is formulated along with identification of research question, justification of the study, objectives and methodology. Chapter 2 identifies various international environmental conventions which have been ratified by the Federal Government. The nature of commitments of the international environmental conventions is discussed for the purpose of identification of the contents of such conventions. It is attempted to locate in this Chapter the contents of many of the international environmental conventions which fall within the Provincial jurisdictions for compliance by way of legislative and administrative measures. Chapter 3 discusses the Federal Government, and its relations with Provincial Government in light of the various constitutions of the country. In this Chapter the divisions of legislative powers between the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments are analyzed in the context of environmental obligations, particularly, the developments after Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973. The Chapter flags constitutional gaps between relations of Federal and Provincial Government in matters pertaining to implementation of international environmental conventions. Chapter 4 identifies and discusses laws on natural resources of the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as mostly, natural resources, for legislative and administrative purposes, are the domain of Provincial Governments. The laws on natural resources are found to have not been modified in accordance with international environmental conventions and the national policies on environmental subjects, where recommendations of administrative and legislative measures are provided by the Federal Government. Chapter 5 identifies and analyzes laws of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in different sectors relevant to environment. The laws on sectors relevant to environment are not amended to respond to international environmental conventions which are ratified by the Federal Government. This Chapter has also compared the environmental law of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the law of the Federal Government, and pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of the environmental law of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Chapter 6 discusses the governance and administrative structures given in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Paksitan, 1973, the Federal Rules of Business, 1973, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government Rules of Business, 1985, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2014, and statutory bodies mentioned in various laws of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa relevant to environment. It discovers gaps and overlaps in above referred laws in relation to environmental governance and management. Chapter 7, which is a concluding Chapter, gives findings of the thesis, and suggests recommendations for implementation of international environmental conventions in Provincial domains with reference to the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The recommendations include amendments in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973, modifications in the laws on governance, and reconsideration of laws of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for assimilation of international environmental conventions.