سیرت طیبہ پر استشراقی فکر کے اعتراضات کے اسباب و عوامل کا تاریخی و ارتقائی جائزہ

Over the course of time and with the rapid increase in human population need for mutual relations become crucial. Resultantly on behalf of this closeness, separation, anti-standpoints and comparisons also emerged. As the time passed by hatred and hypocrisy and other social vices spread on large scale. Thus human society was waiting for such liberator who may lead and work for the betterment of this society. With the dawn of Islamic civilization all such issues were not only resolved but also provided with a model for containing the difference of opinion and multiple traditions under its unique worldview. Islamic History presents itself as a model where the minorities were provided with the opportunities of participating in political, social, educational and collective affairs. Thus in a society where tyranny, injustice, un-forbearance, religious intensity, terrorism and the activities of violating the human rights were very common, were substituted by the Islamic ideal  of forbearance. It is argued here that the solution of all these issues was only in religion contrary to what is being claimed about an idea of social harmony where religion is not given its due position. Today its our dire need to develop a sense of harmony, modesty, affection and peacefulness among the masses of various religions of Pakistani society. It is further argued that for this very noble cause all the religious scholars and their followers can come forward playing their pertinent role.  

Speaking Silences - Pakistani Fiction Amidst Terrorism & Chaos

Since the disastrous events of 9/11 and its aftermath, the discourse of terrorism has appeared to become the most dominant preoccupations of American literature. Several novels have been composed following the September 11 attacks that deal directly or indirectly with the effect of the event on individuals, both inside and outside of the United States of America. Although these novels often claim to deal with the post traumatic- after effects of the attacks, the Western writers frequently employ Orientalist stereotyping and it appears that after 9/11 this attitude towards Muslims has even hardened and strengthened the old Orientalist discourse by representing all Muslims as terrorists. In line with Edward Said’s:“the East writes back” this thesis shows the novels, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, Home Boy and Burnt Shadows, stand as a reaction to this dominant post 9/11 rhetoric and challenge the discourse of colonization from the Pakistani side(whichstands for the East) and welcome decolonization. Edward Said’s Orientalism serves as the theoretical basis for this research. The thesis explores the response of contemporary Pakistani literature in English .i.e. how writers are responding, reactingand relating with the contemporary reality of terrorism, violence, extremism and suicide bombing and the challenges that the existing political and social scenario creates for Pakistani writers and how despotism, martial rule, violence militant extremism and imperial occupation of Afghanistan have placed the Pakistani writer, like his fellow citizens, in the margins, from where writers are now raising their voices andstruggling to regain theirnational identity and create for themselves an individual literary identity. How have the writers not only disrupted the status quo but also challenged and questioned the post 9/11Western discriminatory attitude towards the Muslims. Moreover it reveals the struggle of the authors to dismantle the terrorist label ascribed to the Muslims and post 9/11 stereotyping of Muslims as extremists and religious fanatics.