اداسی کی برکھامیں بھیگی شاعری
میر اور ناصر کی شعری کائنات سے محمد ندیم صادق نے اپنے لگائو کا ثبوت ’’جگر خوں کروں ہوں میں‘‘کی صورت میں فراہم کیا ہے۔اس مجموعے میں شامل غزلیں اور نظمیںایک ہی کتھا سنا رہی ہیں۔خوف، اداسی، تنہائی اور نارسائی میں گندھی بیدار راتوں کی کتھا۔
دل میں کیسا خوف بھرا ہے
پھول کھلے تو ڈر لگتا ہے
رات گئے تک ان گلیوں میں
کوئی آوارہ پھرتا ہے
کلی جو کھل کر پھول بنی تھی
پھول کسی نے توڑ لیا ہے
مندرجہ بالا اشعار جس کیفیت کی عکاسی کر رہے ہیں اسے قنوطیت سے تعبیر کیا جا سکتا ہے مگر کسی روشن تخلیقی لمحے میںشاعر نے اس فضا سے باہر نکلنے کا راستا، خوش کن یادوںاور فطرت کے حسن سے وابستگی کی صورت میںتلاش کیا ہے۔
یادوں کی بارش میں صادق
کب سے بیٹھا بھیگ رہا ہے
ساغر میں اک پھول کھلا ہے
سارا جنگل مہک اُٹھا ہے
سادگی اور لہجے کی دھیمی آنچ نے جذبے کے خالص پن کولفظوں کے بنائو سنگھار میں گم نہیں ہونے دیا۔حسّیاتی رنگ و آہنگ میں ڈھلی امیجری اور معروضی تلازمات بھی داخلی کیفیات کے ہی عکاس ہیں۔
شہر کی سڑکیں تو ٹھنڈی ہیں
لیکن میرا دل جلتا ہے
پیار محبت کرنے والا
کورا کاغذ پڑھ سکتا ہے
تیرے شہر میں آ کر مجھ کو
اپنا آپ ہی بھول گیا ہے
میر نے (۳۰ رکنی ہندی بحر)میں درجنوں لاجواب غزلیں کہی ہیں اور ناصر نے (۱۶ رکنی ہندی بحر) کا مسحور کن تجربہ کیا ہے۔اس بحرِ ہزار موج کے اتار چڑھائومیں دلی کیفیات کازیروبم خوب محسوس کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ بید ِ مجنوں کی سی لچکیلی یہ مترنم بحرتربیت یافتہ قاری پر اپنا جادو خوب جگاتی ہے۔ندیم صادق نے ناصر کی تقلید میں اس بحر کو اختیار کیا ہے۔
یقیناکچھ مقامات پر عروض ، داخلی آہنگ...
The importance of this study is to reveal the truth of the case of the response of Imam Malik (179 e) - the leader of the School of Archeology - the story of the atheists by violating the work of the people of the city; The study resulted in the results of the most important response of this lawsuit for several reasons, the first of which is that the work of the people of the city is a frequent occurrence, Rather, the imam has an approach based on the introduction of the frequent on the individual, and that many of the issues of work are supported by the correct hadeeth, and the one that is contrary to it is apparent, and it is permissible to combine or say the copies when proven.
Charcoal rot, incited by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, is a serious disease of many crops, inflicting 100 % yield losses in Mung and Mash bean under dry and hot conditions. Therefore, biology and management of the disease was studied in 65 isolates of the fungus collected from 14 districts of Punjab and Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa. Morphologically, the isolates differed significantly in their growth behaviour, sclerotial size and weight. Sixteen isolates developed fast growth, 11 were slow and the rest were intermediate. Nine isolates produced large sized sclerotia, 26 small sized while the left over were intermediate. Similarly 35 isolates produced high weight of sclerotia, 12 low and the rest were intermediate in weight. Isolates collected form D.G.Khan, Chakwal and Bhakar were found to be highly variable. All the isolates differed in variability in aggressiveness. On the basis of infection, 23 isolates appeared to be highly virulent, 5 were least virulent and the remaining isolates showed intermediate response. Biological agents, antagonistic plant materials and chemicals were tested against the disease. All the test antagonists inhibited the growth of M. phaseolina significantly, maximum of 79.63 % with T. harzianum and minimum of 58.14 % with T. pseudokoningii over control. Antagonists also affected survival of mung and mashbean plants significantly which was significantly higher at higher concentrations of all the antagonists. Survival of mung and mash plants treated with T. harzianum @ 2 x 10 8 was found maximum (83.33 and 80.0%) and minimum in case of T. pseudokoningii. Similarly, all the test plants inhibited the growth of M. phaseolina significantly, maximum in case of Carum lopticum (68.61%) and2 Azadirachta indica (55.68%) the minimum (15.96%) inhibition with Nerium indicum at 100% concentration. Percentage inhibition was significantly higher at higher concentrations of all the plants as compared to other concentrations. Survival of plants was also found to be maximum, where seeds were treated with C. lopticum (83.33 and 76.66%) and A. indica (80.0 and 73.33%) at 100 % concentration. Mentha piperita and Foeniculum vulgare showed minimum plant survival (40 %) of mung and mash respectively. All fungicides inhibited the growth of M. phaseolina significantly. Maximum efficacy was shown by Benomyl (83.89%) and Carbendazim (79.11%) while Copperoxychloride showed the minimum (23.57 %). The mung and mashbean germplasm varied greatly in reaction to charcoal rot under inoculated conditions. In glass house studies, 14 out of 100 mungbean accessions appeared to be highly resistant as against 34 accessions under field conditions. In case of Mash only 5 lines out of 100 accessions were found to be highly resistant in pot experiment as against 12 accessions in the field.