The Philosophical Perspective in Case of Jihad

Here are two opposing views of scholars and different religions regarding the permission or non-permission of war on the basis of honor and lawfulness of human life. The Hindus and Jews legalize war, whereas the Buddhists and Christians consider it illegal. Islam follows the middle path and attributes the legality of war to its purpose because only the purpose tells the righteousness or wrongfulness of any deed. Islam has prevented from all those purposes that eliminate the cause of Allah Almighty from war. Islam does not legalize war for any worldly purpose so the pursuit of fame, kingship, booty, conquering another land or national or personal revenge is not legal. Jihad has been enjoined for the elimination of hurdles in the path of Allah. It clarifies the policy of Islam that war is not an end but it is a means to an end. Today the west is doing propaganda against Islam that Islam spread through sword and the concept of jihad is being related to terrorism. The purposes of jihad should be kept in mind in order to understand the philosophy of jihad. The aim of this paper is to highlight the purposes of jihad and its importance. Views of various scholars have been observed in this study along with references from Quran and Hadith.

The Changing Dynamics of Middle East Politics: Implications for Pakistan 2001-2015

This study is planned to examine the changing dynamics of Middle Eastern politics and implications to Pakistan. Middle East is one of the consequential regions of the world in term of oil richness, geopolitical situations and holy places. The internal politics of Middle East is rotating around ideological, ethnic and territorial disputes of states. The security situation of the Middle East is becoming complex in nature due to involvement of external forces as well.Another aspect of this research work is to explore the implications of the incidents taking place in the Middle East. Pakistan, in the context of inter-regional implications of Middle Eastern political scenario, is taken in to account as case study.The strategic, economic and political magnetism has brought together major powers around the Middle Eastern region with multiple interests and motivations. In the prevailing security complex of Middle Eastern region these superpowers have not only a significant role but also a crucial strategic posture. Since the time of mandate system superpowers have exert their presence and they have played their role. Especially in the aftermath of Arab Spring, US, Russia and China have great role to play in the consolidation of this region. Power politics between US and Russia and between Iran and Saudi Arabia has generated Middle Eastern in-groups that are composed of Iran and Russia, US and Saudi Arabia. The consequent conflicts of realistic nature generated by above mentioned groups carry out the goals of establishing hegemony on regional and eventually on global level. It seems ass the purpose of this hegemony is to control natural resources of the Middle East along with the containment of their rival groups by all possible ways and means. While in the Middle Eastern region identity is constituted on both ethnic and religious basis which provides ample room for political disorientation. The effects of Middle Eastern conflict are not bound to regional borders. The Middle East based challenge like religious fundamentalism, sectarian aggression also influence Pakistan a lot.The study concluded that, in such grim political scenario consensus building process is suggested to be built on the humanitarian basis rather than on the basis of any political connotation. In order to give this consensus a legitimate semblance, there is dire need to flourish political socialization and a participative political culture to bring about political consensus on humanitarian basis and a workable regional political mechanism. As hypothesized for this research, unless these complex security issues are taken up with the prescribed sagacity, viable peace in the region would be a far cry.