عصر حاضر میں وحدت الادیان کا تصور اور اسلامی نکتہ نظر

Religion is the cradle of human civilization and will always be a core influence in determining the trends, outlooks and progression of our society, which inevitably confronts questions and issues with religious undertones. As the world becomes more multi-religious and multi-ethnic, however, there is a seemingly diminished respect for the diverse existence of faiths and ethnicities, and more concerns rise towards this new threat to peace, which can be seen in the form of religious hatred, persecution, and conflicts often involving physical violence. This rising hostility, which has become a prolonged, unstable social factor, in all manifestations is an obstacle to peace. According to the different religious scholars of the semitic and nonsemitic religions it is recommended that religion plays a vital role to save the humanity. For this purpose many scholars recommend a religious alliance and unity for the whole universe as we can prevent the violence against humanity. In this paper the different views of the scholars in favour of religious alliance while the stance of Islamic Sharia has been discussed in detail as well.

Uniformed Data Model for Biological Data

Previous years have witnessed explosive enhancements in the amount of biological data due to scientific advancements in life sciences and their related complex engineering methodologies. Biological data mostly comprised of De-oxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and Protein structures (Ps) can be visualized at two levels, i.e. i) at macro-level and ii) at micro-level. At macro-level, it is classified as structured, semi-structured and unstructured contents related to bioinformatics domain. At micro-level, its contents can be diversified as dynamic, evolutionary and frequently occurring data formats. Biological data exists in heterogeneous formats and is presented by different notations and terminologies. Traditional data models such as object oriented, relational and hierarchical etc. are ham-fisted to handle this biological data stream due to its ever occurring structural changes. To incorporate these dynamic and evolutionary characteristics of biological data, there is a dire need of unified data model that empowers such characteristics for their efficient storage, retrieval and manipulation of biological data. This research work introduces Bio-TOS for modeling biological data based on Temporal Object-Oriented System (TOS) which itself is a well-established area for evolutionary domains. Dealing with polymorphic behavior, evolving nature of biological data, downward inheritance, and knowledge sharing across several families are some of the modifications applied to TOS. The presented unified data model for biological data is evaluated through implementing real life case study of bacteriocine (micro-organism in DNA). Architecture of Bio-TOS is provided for realization of the proposed data model. We further propose a Bio-Share Know (BSK) mechanism and query language to facilitate efficient storage, retrieval and manipulation of biological data. Finally, outcome of this research work is validated through an information retrieval system deployed at Bioinformatics Lab, KICS, UET Lahore.