دریائے نیل
ہم قاہرہ یونیورسٹی اور حدیقہ الحیوان سے پیدل کبری الجامعہ پہنچے جس کے نیچے دریائے نیل رواں دواں تھا ۔میں نے یہاں اس پانی میں ٹھہرائو اور بردباری محسوس کی نیل اپنے ہزاروں میل کے بہائو کاا ظہار چیخ چیخ کر نہیں کر رہا تھا ۔ہم نے تین مصری جنین کے دو ٹکٹ لیے اور لانچ میں بیٹھ گئے ۔لانچ کی خستہ حالی بھی مصری عوام کی معیشت کی طرح زبوں حال اور نا تواں تھی ۔لانچ میں بیٹھتے ہی مجھے دکتور ہ شائمہ کی بات یاد آئی ۔انہوں نے کہا تھا کہ ایک مصری کہاوت ہے کہ جو بندہ دریائے نیل کا پانی پی لے وہ دوبارہ مصر ضرور آ تا ہے ۔میں نے چلتی لانچ سے ہاتھ دریا میں ڈالا اور اوک بھر پانی پیا ۔لانچ کی ایک کھڑکی میں سبز رنگ کی بوتل نظر آئی میں نے بوتل کو نیل کے پانی میں خوب دھویا اور اس کودریا کے پانی سے بھرا ، دکتور محمود بولے اس کاکیا کرو گے میں نے کہا یہ سبز رنگ کی بوتل ہے اور پاکستان کا سرکاری رنگ سبز ہے میں اس سبز رنگ کے ساتھ نیل کا اشتراک چاہتا ہوں میری خواہش ہے کہ مصر اور پاکستان ایک دوسرے کے قریب ہوں ،اس پانی اور بوتل کی طرح ۔میں نے دکتور محمود سے پوچھا نیل کا پانی کہاں سے نکلتا ہے اس نے کہاں سوڈان میں کوئی دور جگہ ہے ۔میں نے پوچھا وہاں کو نسا گلیشئیر ہو سکتا ہے جہاں سے یہ پانی آ تا ہے کہنے لگے افریقہ میں گلیشئیر نہیں ہوتے یہ کوئی پاکستان تو نہیں ،پھر کہنے لگے کوئی دو جھیلیں ہیں وہاں سے یہ پانی آ تا ہے ۔اس حوالے سے میں معلوماتی کتب سے رجوع کیا تو معلوم ہوا کہ ہم جسے ایک دریائے نیل سمجھ...
In any society, the administration has the status of a pillar, and its good or bad move directly impacts society. There are institutions to compensate public complaints on government initiatives in many countries of the world that keep check on government administrations. For this purpose "Federal Ombudsman" was established in Pakistan. The main responsibilities of this institution include the execution to enjoin the right and forbid the wrong (Amr bil Ma’rūf wal Nahi ‘An al Munkar), monitoring government employees in administrative matters, hearing the complaints of the public against organizations and preventing them from violating individual rights. In this article, it has been reviewed that how we can seek guidance from the Sīrah of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) is in this matter, to evaluate the present system of "Federal Ombudsman". In addition, the main responsibilities of the "Federal Ombudsman" were discussed in the article. In conclusion recommendations have been made for further improvement.
Since its inception, Pakistan had been experiencing the dysfunctionalism of different types of political system. Despite emerging through a democratic process on the World map in 1947, under an inherited British system of governance, it could not sustain the rule of law. Lack of devoted political leadership and growing political and economic incompetence, under the patronage of non-political opportunists, had debarred the growth of a capable political system which caused for military-bureaucratic institutionalization in political process. The British political system of India Act 1935, martial-democratic system to General Ayub Khan’s basic democracy, parliamentary system of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s Islamic-socialism and the presidentio-parlia-military system of General Zia-ul-Haq had been equally responsible for political decay in Pakistan. Meanwhile, Pakistan had gone through the ever deadliest event of its dismemberment in 1971 but still, its leadership could not learn enough to practice the politics of devotion, cooperation and national self-esteem. Repeated martial-laws and ineffective democracies had hampered the political participation of the public in the political process and the performance of the political system. The accidental death of General Zia-ul-Haq in 1988 provided a chance for a democratic polity but, the politics of immaturity, revenge and corruption had broken the dreams of political stability in the country. The political system, working under 8th amendment of the constitution with extensive military involvement in poltical process, caused for distrust between the head of the state and the heads of governments. Consequently, none of the elected governments of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif could be able to complete their constitutional term from 1988-99. Military, as an organized and disciplined institution in the country, had not been ready to lose its political role and had taken the opportunity for takeover, provided by the elected leadership, in 1999. Thus, the sub-system involvement across the boundaries caused for another political decay. Generally, the politically desperated people of Pakistan discuss and criticize the political system and their leadership in everyday sittings but they have a little awareness of the basic political structures and their proper functional procedure. The present study, “Political development and decay in Pakistan: 1988-2008” is primarily, an attempt to examine the functional capabilities of the political systems, experienced during the period of study, in accordance with their structures. It also expects to provide sufficient knowledge for a common man to understand the political process for an effective political participation in general, and to encourage for further scholarly researches to evolve a viable political system in Pakistan, in particular.