پینتیس ہجری میں حضرت عثمان کی مظلومانہ شہادت کے بعد حضرت علی مسلمانوں کے چوتھے خلیفہ مقرر ہوئے ۔ ان کا دور حکومت 24 ذوالحجہ سن 35 ہجری سے 21 رمضان سن 40 ہجری تک کا ہے ۔ ان کو رسول اللہ ﷺ نے خود یمن قاضی بھی بنا کر بھیجا تھا۔ حضرت علی ،حضرت عمر کی طرح خود اعلیٰ پایہ کے قاضی تھے ۔ انہوں نے حضرت عمر اور حضرت عثمان کے دور میں قضاء کے فرائض سر انجام دیئے تھے ۔آپ کوا س کام کا بڑا تجربہ تھا۔ ایک دفعہ رسول اللہﷺ نے حضرت علی سے فرمایا تھا کہ تم سات چیزوں میں دوسرے لوگوں سے افضل ہو ۔ ان سات چیزوں میں سے ایک یہ ہے کہ تم امورِ الہٰی میں بہتر قاسم ہو اور دوسرا یہ کہ مقدما ت کا فیصلہ کرنے کے لیے بہت بڑے قاضی ہو۔ حضرت انس بن مالک سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ ﷺ نے فرمایا
" أرحم أمتي بأمتي أبو بكر . وأشدهم في دين الله عمر . وأصدقهم حياء عثمان . وأقضاهم علي بن أبي طالب۔"306
حدودوقصاص کے حوالے سےحضرت علی کے چند مشہور فیصلے مندرجہ ذیل ہیں:
شراحہ ہمدانیہ کو رجم کرنا
حضرت علی نے بیان کیا جب جمعہ کے دن ایک عورت کو رجم کیا تو کہا کہ میں نے اس کا رجم رسول اللہ ﷺ کی سنت کے مطابق کیا ہے۔
"قيل جلدها يوم الخميس ورجمها يوم الجمعة فقيل له أجمعت بين حدين عليها فقال جلدتها بكتاب الله ورجمتها بسنة رسول الله۔"307
"شراحۃ بنت مالک ہمدانیہ کے بارے میں کہا جاتا ہے کہ آپ نے جمعرات کو کوڑے مارے اور جمعہ کو اسے رجم کیا اور اس پر دونوں حدیں جاری کیں۔ کوڑے قرآن مجید سے لگائے اور رجم سنت رسول اللہ ﷺ...
Financial dealings are an integral part of human life. All the human beings have to do such dealings for their needs, mostly related to trade. But principles and rules for such dealings depend on either human intellect or the Shariah teachings. The human intellect in itself prevents humans from indulging into oppressive and corrupt ways of earning so that they do not incur loss in trading. But selfish and lustrous worldly interests mislead them, and consequently, they take to the prohibited ways of earning. In such situations, Shariah guides us to the right path. Allah Ta’ala has guided the mankind in the best way through the eternal and everlasting teachings of the Holy Quran. Regarding the financial dealings, this Holy Book has given us a comprehensive guideline which is beyond human intellect, and that is: Do not get one another’s possessions through prohibited ways; yes, you can earn them through trading based on mutual consent. This guideline has prohibited all the illegal ways of earning, including fraudulence, dishonesty, misrepresentation etc. The Article in focus discusses the condemnation of earning through prohibited ways, importance of the unambiguity of financial dealings and the related Shariah rulings.
Fairy tales have always had an irresistible fascination for children and adults alike. As a text type, they have a very old tradition that goes back to antiquity. Over the centuries, the fairy tale has developed its own structure and set of conventions that classify it as a separate genre. Its roots are in the oral narrative tradition. With an increase in literacy and the invention of the printing press, it developed its own distinct written version referred to as the literary fairy tale, which, over the years, have been collected or compiled by various writers, the most famous among them being the Brothers Grimm. A name within this genre that has not received his due literary recognition is that of Oscar Wilde, for his literary fairy tales have been overshadowed by his brilliant plays and his towering personality. In this study, we examined Oscar Wilde’s fairy tales and attempted to establish them as belonging to the fairy tale text type by investigating their structure and their semantic as well as their syntactic features. First, we applied Propp’s morphological model to study their syntactic structure. Second, we focused on the manner in which the Faerie Realm is created in the tales. For this purpose, we analysed the interplay of time and space in the discourse world of the tales from a cognitive stance; and explored the use of grammatical devices. The study confirms that Wilde’s tales belong to the literary fairy tale text type in structure, though with abundant ambiguities. We found that these ambiguities do not affect the structure of the tales. In terms of the fairy tale time and space, the tales were found to be in alignment with the fairy tale discourse world in spite of deviations and variations from the set conventions. The analyses revealed that the choice of grammatical devices serves to bring the tales on a parallel to the oral tradition. The final assessment was that the tales are multi-layered and serve to enchant both children and adults.