طالب حسین کوثریؔ کی نعت گوئی
نعت عربی زبان کا لفظ ہے جس کے معنی تعریف یا وصف بیان کرنا کے ہیں اگرچہ عربی زبان میں اس مقصد کیلئے مدح کا لفظ استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔مگر ادبی اصطلاح میں لفظ نعت نبی کریمﷺ کی مدح و تعریف کیلئے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔فارسی لغات میں نعت سے مراد نبی کریمﷺ کے اوصاف اور ثناء بیان کرنا کے ہیں۔اردو زبان کی ’’نور اللغات‘‘ میں لکھا ہے۔کہ یہ لفظ معنی مطلق وصف ہے۔اور اس کا استعمال نبی پاکﷺکی تعریف و ثناء کے بیان کے لیے وقف ہے۔اس لیے نعت کا لفظ عربی،فارسی،اردو،پنجابی اور دیگر زبانوں میں ایسے ہی معنوں میں استعمال ہوتا ہے اور وہ سارے اشعار اور نظمیں نعت کے گھیرے میں آ جاتی ہیں جن میں آپﷺ کے محاسن بیان ہوئے ہوں۔اس طرح نعت کا گھیرا وسیع سے وسیع تر ہوتا جاتا ہے۔چونکہ نعت کا محور آپﷺ کی ذات پاک ہے۔اس لیے آپﷺ کی ذات سے صفات تک،افکار سے اعمال تک غرض ذات مقدس کا کوئی ایسا پہلو نہیں جو لغت کا موضوع نہ بنا ہو۔اخلاق ،سیرت،معجزات، غزوات، خطبات، عبادات، معاملات، عادات ،تعلیمات سب کچھ نعت کے گھیرے میں آ گئے ہیں۔
نعت کا وجود عربی ادب میں آپﷺ کی مبارک زندگی سے ہی نظر آتا ہے۔بہت سارے صحابہ کرام نے آپﷺکی پاک زندگی کے ایک ایک پل کو شعر وادب میں محفوظ کیا ہے۔یہی صحابہ کرام کا ورثہ تھا اور یہی ہمارا قیمتی اثاثہ ہے۔یوں تو اردو ادب میں لا تعداد شعراء کرام نے نبی پاکﷺ سے عقیدت و محبت کے اظہار کیلئے نعت گوئی کی،مگر بہت کم شعراء کرام ایسے ہیں جن کی ادب میں پہچان نعت گوئی بنی ہو۔دور حاضر کے ممتاز نعت گو شعراء کرام میں ایک نام جناب طالب حسین کوثریؔ کا بھی ہے۔جنہوں نے اپنی نعت...
The paper examines the dynamics of The Gambian National Youth Service Scheme (NYSS) founded in 1996 through the efforts of Nigeria’s National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) Scheme. Though modeled after the NYSC, it has ventured into things NYSC has not. One of these was its most recent partnership with the IOM to curb recurrent illicit migration of The Gambian youths. The questions are, has this aspect of Nigeria-The Gambia history been documented? Has Nigerian Scheme gone into partnership with the IOM in the enterprise like The Gambian counterpart? Since its establishment, how many times has NYSC adjusted to changing realities? In what theoretical contexts could one frame the argument of the NYSS/ IOM partnership and what lessons does that holds for NYSC and similar youths’ services in Africa in the century? In addressing the problem, the paper adopts the qualitative method of historical research and gleans on evidence from diverse sources. It foregrounds its argument on the ideas of the National Youth Service as “Moral Equivalent of War”, “Service- Learning” and “A Way of Strengthening Ties among the People of the World” espoused by William James, John Dewey, and Rosenstock-Huessy. It concludes by charging NYSC and similar services to adjust to meet the current challenges of African youth and society
Technological changes have significantly affected the environment of work place. Organizational changes have brought new challenges for employees including change in the structure and culture of workplace. Further the employees have to meet the organizational expectations about work performance. Women working in higher educational institutions have to face various challenges in Pakistan. The women are also facing problems domestic problems, work-related issues and cultural barriers. However, the potential of women has not been fully utilized. One of important reasons for the lack of women empowerment is less number of job opportunities for women. The aim of this research is to explore the socio-cultural problems faced by working women. These socio-cultural problems negatively affect the performance of female faculty members. These socio-cultural problems affect their performance in teaching and research- the key performance areas. Thus, this study argues that the performance of female faculty can be improved by solving these social hindrances and cultural problems. For this study, the mixed method approach has been used to collect data. For the purpose of data collection, a structured questionnaire was used. In addition, interview method has been used to collect the non-numerical data. FGDs were also conducted to collect specific information and to explore the socio-cultural problems in detail. The data for this thesis was analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Qualitative data was transcribed for the process of data analysis. The focus of this study is to investigate the socio-cultural problems faced by female faculty members in the University of Sindh, Jamshoro and the impact of these problems on the performance. The main argument of this study is that the socio-cultural problems the female faculty members face at home, workplace and during the journey from home to their workplace negatively impact on the performance of female teachers. However, the factors including family support and positive attitudes at workplace boost their job performance as they increase levels of motivation and job satisfaction. Chapter one gives introduction about the status of women is Pakistani society. It provided justification for the research on a specific topic ‘the impact of socio-cultural problems on the performance of Female faculty members. Moreover, this chapter also describes the importance of this study. Chapter two gives an overview of the literature available on this topic. This chapter is devoted to the review of related literature available on this research topic. It critically evaluates the literature in order to find out the gaps in existing knowledge, and to find out how it is relevant to present study. The chapter provides review of books, periodicals, published and unpolished works, and official reports, research articles and online electronic sources. In the end, the chapter gives theoretical framework based on the theories about the motivation, work and performance. Theoretical Framework is important in a way that it sets the direction of the research. Chapter 3 firstly, presents Research Methodology for this research study. Secondly, it discusses the various methods of data collection and data analysis. It also describes the techniques of sampling, pre-testing etc. Thirdly, the chapter also includes the research ethics, consent of the participants etc. Chapter four analyses the data and presents evidence gathered though the process of data collection for this study. It tests the hypotheses of the study. Chapter five concludes the key points regarding the hypotheses and produces recommendations for policy makers, academicians, researchers and teachers and University officials to benefit from this research for creating safe and secure working environment which should facilitate the working women to perform their duties and to positively contribute to the development and dissemination of knowledge and generating world class research. It was found that social and family support plays a vital role in the improvement of performance. The study found that women faced socio-cultural problems during their journey from home to workplace. The solution of their socio-cultural problems will boost the performance of the women and increase the output of the organizations.