Having studied the Qur’ānic Vision of Dr. Isrār Aḥmad, the writer has arrived at a conclusion that his durūs-e-Qur’ān, as well as the brief yet comprehensive genesis Bayan al-Qur’ān, should not only be made accessible to all higher educational institutions but there is a dire need that all the Religious Leaders of mosques be motivated towards it. Dr Isrār Aḥmad’s struggle clearly reveals that a person even one not qualified in Dars-e-Niẓāmī can easily disseminate the message of the Qur’ān to humankind in an amicable manner. To do that, the requirement is that the community with modern education following his steps must first understand the Qur’ān and then transfer it to others.
However, it is quite difficult to agree with the Concept of Manhaj Inqalāb-e-Nabavī as described by Dr. Isrār Ahmad. If the methodology of Revolution as stated by him is adopted, it would culminate into nothing but bloodshed. In this document, all the weaknesses of his methodology have been highlighted. All religious parties, therefore, should follow the constitutional and legal ways and refrain from underground activities. As far as public durūs-e-Qur’ān are concerned, undoubtedly, Dr. Isrār Ahmad and his students have played a key role in uplifting the Qur’ānic Vision. However, it remains a bitter fact that under the cover of durūs-e-Qur’ān, some persons with little education have caused misunderstandings among the people. It is therefore required that such people delivering dars-e-Qur’ān must acquire basic religious knowledge and understanding of the Arabic Language to protect the general public from falling prey to misapprehensions and communal clashes.
Dr. Isrār Aḥmad advocated the concept of a “Universal Caliphate” (‘Ālmī Khilāfah) but the writer has proved with the reasoning that the establishment of such a “Universal Caliphate” is beyond any possibility. The Muslims on the other...
Background and Objective: Aging is influenced by culture, individual experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics along with societal expectations. Cognitive functioning and activity level in geriatric population may alter their participation in daily life activities thus this study aims to explore the required physical and social activities for cognitive alertness among Pakistani Geriatric population.
Methodology: An observation based study of 169 aging individuals who performed on MoCA for cognitive functioning and interviewed on IPAQ for duration of physical activity in everyday life.
Results: It is an observational study, conducted among the geriatric population of different areas of Pakistan. A total number of 169 individuals participated out of which 59 % were males and 40 % were females with a majority of the population 74% falling between 65-75 years of age. It was found that 59% of the male and only 19% of the female had 22 score on MoCA for cognitive functioning and these individuals were practicing physical activities such as brisk walk for 3 days a week for more than 40 minutes and are involve at least once a week in social activities.
Conclusion: The research finding concluded that physical activities and social gathering both has impact on cognitive function of geriatric population to participate actively in daily activities.
Most of the farmers grow sorghum by traditional soaking for some hours, they did not know about priming and appropriate soaking time. The present studies to determine the effect of nitrogen and seed priming on forage yield and quality of sorghum cultivars were conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. One wire house and two field experiments were conducted for this study. Wire house experiment was conducted in pots and was laid out in completely randomized design with three replicates. Both the field experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement using three replicates. In the wire house experiment sorghum genotypes (Hegari, Sadabahar, PC-1, JS- 263, JS-2002, F-9917, F-2022) and priming techniques (Non-primed, CaCl 2 , hydropriming, KNO 3 and on-farm priming) were screened out for better emergence. The response of four best performed cultivars (F-9917, Hegari, JS-263 and JS-2002) to best priming techniques i.e. on- farm priming, Hydropriming, KNO 3 and CaCl 2 in wire house experiment was studied in 1st field experiment. In the second field experiment interactive effects of four nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 and120 Kg ha-1) and priming techniques (Non-primed, CaCl 2 , hydropriming, KNO 3 and on-farm priming) on sorghum cultivar JS-2002 were studied. Results of experiments showed that seed priming reduced the time to start emergence, time taken to 50 % emergence, mean emergence time and increased the energy of emergence, final emergence percentage, emergence count, fresh weight and dry weight per plant in wire house and field experiments. Priming improved the nitrogen uptake, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and crude protein, but negatively influenced the fat contents in both field experiments. Among all the priming techniques CaCl 2 proved better for most of the parameters mentioned above. Varieties differed significantly from one another for time to start emergence, time taken to 50% emergence, energy of emergence and final emergence percentage in the wire house experiment, but showed no effect under field conditions on time to start emergence, time taken to 50% emergence and mean emergence time. In the first field experiment cultivars differed for emergence count, coefficient of uniformity of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, stand density at final harvest, forage yield, dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake. Varieties also differed for physiological and quality attributes. The interaction was found non-significant for all parameters. Cultivar JS-2002 performed better than all other cultivars for growth, yield and quality attributes. In the second field experiment nitrogen levels did not show any impact on emergence parameters of sorghum, but significantly improved the forage yield and maximum yield was recorded at nitrogen level of 120 kg ha-1 did not differ significantly from 80 kg ha-1. The increase in yield was mainly due to greater plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area plant-1. The physiological parameters like leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were improved by nitrogen application. The quality parameters i.e. crude protein, crude fibre and total ash were also significantly improved by nitrogen application. The increase in nitrogen application decreased the ether extractable fat contents. The interactions were not significant for all parameters recorded in field experiments.