ڈاکٹر راجندر پرشاد
سابق صدر جمہوریہ ہند ڈاکٹر راجندر پرشاد کی موت ہندوستان کا ایک بڑا قومی حادثہ ہے، وہ اپنے قومی و ملکی خدمات کے لحاظ سے صف اول کے لیڈروں میں تھے، ہندوستان کی جنگ آزادی میں ان کے بڑے کارنامے ہیں، چمپارن کی مشہور ستیہ گرہ کے گویا ہیرو تھے، وہ گاندھی جی کے خاص تربیت یافتہ اور ان کے معتمد علیہ تھے، ان میں ان کی بہت سی اخلاقی خوبیاں موجود تھیں، جو آخر تک قائم رہیں، ہندوستان کی آزادی کے بعد کانگریس کے بہت سے لیڈروں کے خیالات اور کردار میں تبدیلی ہوگئی ہے، ان سے ان کا دامن محفوظ تھا، وہ کانگریس کے پرانے اصولوں پر برابر قائم رہے، اور اپنے جلیل القدر عہدے کی ذمہ داریوں کو بھی بڑی خوبی کے ساتھ نباہا، طبعاً بڑے شریف اور مرنجان مرنج تھے اور قومی و ملکی معاملات میں ان کا دل بہت وسیع تھا، اس لیے کسی طبقہ کو بھی ان سے کوئی شکایت نہیں پیدا ہوئی، وہ پرانے کایستھ تھے اس لیے اردو اور فارسی تہذیب سے بہت اچھی واقفیت رکھتے تھے، اور بہت شستہ اردو بولتے اور لکھتے تھے، اور ان میں قدیم مشترک تہذیب کی بہت سی خوبیاں موجود تھیں، اس لیے ان کی موت مختلف حیثیتوں سے بڑا قومی سانحہ ہے۔ اور ان کا نام ہندوستان کی تاریخ میں ہمیشہ زندہ رہے گا۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، مارچ ۱۹۶۳ء)
Sustainable development is considered as or can be one of the ways in achievement, progress, and benefit for organizations. Organizations use and utilize this source to require a system on which they can rely upon and keeping in mind the end goal to recognize openings and associated risks and to make, realize, control, and upgrade the sustainable goals of corporations which to be both progressively viable (for themselves and the overall population) and increasingly productive in terms of monetary. Based on the content analysis and literature review, this paper review and proposed the conceptual framework on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its effect on Organizational Performance of Pakistan’s retail banks. It is conceptual type of research which possesses four hypotheses, first Independent Variable is CSR and Four Dependent Variables such as, Organizational Performance (OP), Financial Performance (FP), Employee Commitment (OC) and Organizational Reputation (OR) and these are not proven in this research. This paper suggests that by initiating the practices of corporate social responsibility can improve the performance of the organization and also increase its financial position, commitment level of the employees and improve the overall reputation or the company. Different literature suggests that this research could be done with primary as well as secondary sources sometimes the researchers have used mixed form of methodologies, this study is based on secondary data using internet which is one of the powerful tools to generate the data. Researchers conclude and give some suggestions for the future research work with the discussion on previous literature review.
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) — a versatile literary genius and one of the most celebrated English novelists— has subtly combined the traditional heritage of the Victorian era with modern literary trends, linking the two centuries divided by conflicting schools of thought. Though having created memorable scenes, settings and unique places, his prime focus is on inner human sensibilities. Among humans, it is the fair sex which gets more share of his attention. His sensitive mind dwells on women and the issues faced by them due to their anatomical marginalization. Unlike his Victorian contemporaries who treated the mental and emotional complexities of women in accordance with the typical and Victorian perception of their nature and character, Hardy has made a difference by deviating significantly. The most instrumental form of this deviation is his anticipation of the ways in which women would be perceived and portrayed in the coming century epitomized by the term “Modernism”. My research capitalizes on the aforementioned point and contends that, despite being placed in an inevitably Victorian setting, Hardy’s major female characters are neither strictly the product of his age nor do they typically correspond to the standards and sensitivities of the same. They are rather more akin in feeling and thought to the revolting and emancipated females of the 20 th century modernistic tradition. Some of his female characters—particularly Eustacia, Bathsheba, Sue and Tess—think and behave in ways so shockingly queer for the Victorian readership that Hardy had to face tremendous iiicensorship for having created them as such. They, however, came to be better understood and appreciated during the second half of the 20 th century as they were found corresponding to the image of the New Woman or the role of women as redefined by Modernism. It was observed that they could be more variedly approached by the emerging standards of psychoanalytical theories rather than the stereotypical critical approaches generically applied to nineteenth century fictional characters. Their complex psychic constitution proves the fact that their actions are motivated by the co-existence of conflicting demands. They strive to achieve fulfillment in an environment which is not conducive for self-realization and emotional autonomy. On the one hand too defiant to surrender while on the other hand too fragile to succeed, they have to suffer multiple spiritual, emotional and psychological crises. Once in crisis, they find it impossible to escape, as all external agents seem to have conspired against them. Every other Tess somewhere shouts in desperation ''once victim, always victim'' or feels that ‘Bygones would never be complete bygones till she was a bygone herself’; and that holds true for every woman irrespective of temporal and spatial constraints. Hence, it has been argued that, notwithstanding the role of extraneous elements like Nature, Providence and society in facilitating the downfall of these rare individuals, the roots of their tragic dooms can be traced to the devastating inner conflict caused by their complex psyches with heterogeneous constituents. Their impulsive quest for self-realization directly clashes with their socially acceptable frames of behaviour, culminating in tragedies which may be ethically justifiable but which compel the readers to sympathize with the romantically sublime victims.