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Evaluation of Water Application of a Sprinkler Irrigation System With Special Reference to Topography and Water Application Rates

Thesis Info

Author

Faheem Ahmed

Department

Centre of Excellence in Water Resource Engg. U. E. T.

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

Institute Type

Public

Campus Location

UET Main Campus

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2006

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

88 . HB.

Subject

Agriculture & Related Technologies

Language

English

Other

Call No: 635.91587 F 14 E

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676712364973

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جھوٹ کے نقصانات

جھوٹ کے نقصانات
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
صاحبِ صدر اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کا موقع ملا ہے وہ ہے:’’جھوٹ کے نقصانات‘‘
معزز سامعین!
جہاں تک کذب بیانی کے نقصانات کا تعلق ہے تو وہ تو شمار سے باہر ہیں چند ایک ہوں تو انہیں احاطہ تحریر میں لایا جاسکتا ہے لیکن ان کی تعدا در یت کے ذرّوں اور سمندری پانی کے قطروں سے بھی زیادہ ہوتو پھر ان کی گنتی مشکل بھی ہے اور ناممکن بھی اس کا سب سے بڑا نقصان یہ ہے کہ جھوٹا انسان نہ صرف خود اپنے جھوٹ کی نجاست سے تن، من ، دھن کو ناپاک اور غلیظ کرتا ہے بلکہ اس کے جھوٹ کی غلاظت سے اٹھنے والی گھن محلے، معاشرے اور قوم کے خوشگوار ماحول کی پرفضارونق کو بھی مکدر کر دیتی ہے۔ وہ اپنا اعتماد کھو دیتا ہے، اپنی سماجی زندگی کا حلیہ( بگاڑ لیتا ہے ) احباب، اصدقا اور عزیز واقارب میں اس کی حیثیت مرد بیمار کی سی ہوجاتی ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
نبی کریمؐ نے ارشاد فرمایا ہے کہ مسلمان میں دیگر عیوب پیدا ہو سکتے ہیں لیکن سچا مسلمان کبھی جھوٹا نہیں ہوسکتا۔ آپؐ نے منافقین کی علامتوں میں سے ایک اہم علامت جھوٹ بتائی ہے، بلکہ ایک مقام پر یہ بھی ارشاد فرمایا گیا ہے کہ اگر کسی شخص کا جھوٹ ثابت ہو جائے تو پھر اس کی گواہی قبول نہیں ہوسکتی۔ یہ اس کے لیے ڈوب مرنے کا مقام ہے کہ ایک واقعہ اس کی آنکھوں کے سامنے ہور ہا ہے اور وہ بالکل عینی گواہ ہے لیکن جھوٹا ہونے کی بنیاد پر اس کی عینی گواہی بھی قابلِ قبول نہیں ہے۔
معزز حاضرین!
جھوٹے آدمی کی جہاں دنیا بر باد...

Analisis Implementasi Musaqoh Terhadap Kesejahteraan Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan musaqoh terhadap kesejahteraan penggarap pada pertanian kelapa sawit perspektif ekonomi syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerjasama musaqoh pada pertanian kelapa sawit di Kabupaten pelalawan telah dilakukan dengan baik serta telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat bagi hasil dengan mengikuti kebiasaan masyarakat setempat (adat). Dalam pemeliharaan kelapa sawit menggunakan akad kerja sama bagi hasil atas perolehan hasil pertanian. Besaran porsi bagi hasil yang dilakuakn petani dan penggarap yaitu dibagi 3 atau dengan persentase 70:30. Implementasi musaqoh kelapa sawit secara umum telah sesuai dengan Ekonomi Syariah, pihak petani menyerahkan lahan  pertanian yang sudah ditanami kelapa sawit kepada penggarap untuk dipelihara mulai dari pembersihan lahan pertanian, pemupukan, hingga memanen hasil perkebunan. Akad musaqoh yang dijalankan mendatangkan kesejahteraan bagi penggarap dengan terpenuhinya kebutuhan dasar (primer).  

China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Prospects and Challenges

The current work was executed in Upper Tanawal which is situated in the mid of Western fragment of lesser Himalaya. The study area is situated between 34°.34.40´ N to 34°.48.88´ N latitude and 72°.84.27´ E to 73°.10.50´ E longitude. Upper Tanawal is rich in biodiversity. (Farooq et al., 2017). This Area of Himalaya has been unexplored for botanical researches due to its remoteness as well as poor law and order conditions. Upper Tanawal also called feudal Tanawal is a territory found in the mid of western part of Hazara division. On its west lies Bhadanak tract of District Haripur; on its west lies River Indus, on North found Tor Ghar (Black Mountain) and Agror Valley and on its East, it is bounded by areas of Pakhal valley and parts of District Abbottabad. (Watson,1907) In British India, upper Tanawal consisted of two states i.e. Amb and Phulra. Amb being the major state constituted about 85 % of the area while Phulra had 15 % of the total land. At present upper Tanawal consists of ten union councils of tehsils Mansehra and Oghi of district Mansehra. (Watson 1907, Farooq, et al., 2017) During this study the area was extensively visited and appraised during January 2014- December 2016 for phytosociological data collection using quadrate method. Using species-area curve technique size of the quadrate was determined. Size of quadrate was 100 m2, 10 m2 and 1 m2 for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively. Plants were collected, preserved, identified and submitted with herbarium Hazara University Mansehra. Results reflect that Upper Tanawal hosts 308 plant species of tracheophytes belonging to 243 genera placed in 92 tree families. Asteraceae and Leguminosae were found to be the dominant families represented by 26 species each. Rosaceae was represented by 21 species, Poaceae by 19, Lamiaceae by 15, Brassicaceae by 8, Euphorbiaceae, Pteridaceae, and Moraceae with seven species each. On the basis of habit plants of the study area were divided into three classes i.e. Herbs, shrubs and trees. The vegetation was dominated by herbs as 202(66%) species showed herbaceous habit. Trees habit was shown by 59(19 %) species. As far as shrubs are concerned 47(15%) species fell in this catagory. According to the Raunkiaer’s life form classification therophyte was dominant life form class represented by 135 species. Megaphanerophytes were represented by 58 species, Hemicryptophytes were represented by 49 species, nanophanerophytes contributed by 45while geophytes by 21 species. According to leaf size spectrum classification Microphylls were represented by 158 species, followed by mesophylls represented by 116 plant species. Nanophylls, megaphylls and Leptophylls were represented by 22, 10 and 16 species respectively. For detailed ordination of phytosociological data PAST-3 software was used and CCA and DCA plots were drawn. These ordination techniques showed arrangement of data along environmental gradients. DCA and CCA analyses established that altitude, temperature, aspect and soil pH are the strongest environmental drivers responsible for plant species clustering and association formation. In CCA tri-plot species and samples aggregation established interaction among species, samples and environmental variables. For classification of samples to plant communities, PC-ORD software used and by TWINSPAN method 32 plant communities were formed. These plant communities were falling in two vegetational zones of Pakistan i.e. subtropical zone and moist temperate zone.