Intake of Anti-Epileptic Drugs and their Influences on Sexual Dysfunctions

Epilepsy which is also called seizures disorder is an uncontrolled action of the central nervous system. It is not a single disease but a set of neurological disorders. Actually in this situation, the brain does not receive a precise signal and as a result an abnormal condition is produced that is usually involuntary in action. In this review, we aimed to focus on the relationship of anti-epileptic drugs with sexual dysfunction and adaptation of better remedies that improve a patient’s family life. Sexual dysfunction is a common comorbidity in people with epilepsy which badly affects their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is caused by different factors like psychiatric problems, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and social factors etc. Sexual dysfunctions include ejaculatory failure, lessen libido, penile erection in men and irregular menstrual cycle in women. Common drugs such as Topiramate, Gabapentin (GBP), Valproate (VA), Carbamazepine (CBZ), Olanzapine (OL) and Risperidone (RTG) that are in practice to treat epilepsy usually produced adverse effect on sexual dysfunction. Even though a lot of studies have been carried out to control sexual dysfunction in epilepsy’s patient, but still research is going on. Medicine such as Cyproheptadine, Mianserin, Buspirone, Yohimbine were found better to treat epilepsy with minimum side effects of sexual dysfunction. Moreover, it is also seen that certain vasodilators,  folate , and vitamin supplements are effective in improving the quality of life.

Projective and Curvature Symmetries in Non-Static Spacetimes

The aim of this thesis is to study the projective and curvature symmetries in non-static spacetimes. A study of non-static spherically symmetric, non-static plane symmetric, non-static cylindrically symmetric and special non-static axially symmetric spacetimes according to their proper curvature collineations (CCS) is given by using the rank of the 6 × 6 Riemann matrix and direct integration techniques. We consider the non-static spherically symmetric spacetimes to investigate proper CCS. It has been shown that when the above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they turn out to be static spherically symmetric and form an infinite dimensional vector space. In the non- static cases CCS are just Killing vector fields. In case of non-static plane symmetric spacetimes, it has been shown that when above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they form an infinite dimensional vector space. We consider the non-static cylindrically symmetric and special non-static axially symmetric spacetimes to study the proper CCS. It has been investigated that when above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they also form an infinite dimensional vector space. We consider the special non-static plane symmetric spacetimes to investigate proper projective collineations. Following an approach developed by G. Shabbir in [39], which basically consists of some algebraic and direct integration techniques to study proper projective collineations in the above spacetimes. It has been shown that when the above spacetimes admit proper projective collineations, they become a very special class of the spacelike or timelike versions of FRW K=0 model.