وصیتِ علم و عمل
وجود ِ انسانی کے ارتقا کی تاریخ کو نظر ِ غائر سے دیکھا جائے تو اس کی تمام تر ترقی ’’ علم ــ‘‘ کی مرہون منت ہے۔علم ہی وہ اکائی ہے جس میں تہذیب و تمدن اور تربیت کے سوتے پھوٹتے دکھائی دیتے ہیں۔علم کی خصوصیت کی وجہ سے انسان اشرف المخلوقات ہے اس کے سبب سے اسے فرشتوں پر فضیلت ملی اور اسی کی بدولت خلافت کا تاج سر پرسجا۔حد تو یہ ہے کہ پہلی وحی کا آغاز ہوا۔ارشاد ربانی ہے ترجمہ:۔ ’’اپنے پروردگار کے نام سے پڑھ جس نے انسان کو جمے ہوئے خون سے پیدا کیا‘‘۔یہ بھی ارشاد ر بانی سنتے چلیے ۔ ترجمہ:۔’’ اللہ تم میں سے ایمان والوں اور علم والوں کے درجات بلند فرماتا ہے‘‘۔قرآن کریم میں ہی اللہ پاک نے اپنے نبی مکرم ﷺ کو یہ دعا عطا فرمائی ۔ترجمہ:۔ ’’کہو ،اے میرے رب میرے علم میں اضافہ فرما‘‘۔ حدیث شریف میں آتا ہے کہ ’’ علم حاصل کرناہر مسلمان (مرد اور عورت)پر فرض ہے‘‘ یہی وہ علم ہے جس کی افضلیت کے پیش نظر حضرت علی کرم اللہ وجہ فرماتے ہیں’’ ہم اللہ تعالیٰ کی اس تقسیم پر راضی ہیں کہ اس نے ہمیں علم عطا کیا اور جاہلوں کو دولت دی کیوں کہ دولت تو عنقریب فنا ہوجائے گی اور علم کو زوال نہیں‘‘۔
تاریخ انسانی میں ایک خواہش جو اپنے تمام تر مدارج سمیت جھلک رہی ہے وہ یہ ہے کہ ہر شخص اپنی جدا گانہ شناخت اور منفرد پہچان کا متمنی ہے اور اس خواہش کی تکمیل کے لیے مثبت اعمال و افعال بروئے کار لا کر ہی ازلی و ابدی پہچان تک رسائی حاصل کر لینا اصل شناخت اور پہچان ہے ۔اہل علم جانتے ہیں کہ یہ اسی وقت ممکن ہے جب علم کواوڑھنا بچھونابنا لیا جائے اور فضل باری تعالیٰ...
Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, like many aristocratic Englishmen in the age of Empire in the late 19th century, took an interest in the Muslim populations of the colonies being governed by Britain. As a prolific writer and poet, his approach differs from his contemporaries in being, on the whole, genuinely sympathetic to Islam. In his book ‘The Future of Islam’ he shows how important the power of Islam in coming centuries is likely to be, and touches upon many important topics, such as the growing spread of Islam in the world and possible adjustments to the Caliphate. He would like to see the formation of a friendly association between Great Britain and the Muslims of the world in the political interests of Britain. Inevitably, many of his predictions and wishes did not materialize in the 20th century. Wilfred Scawen Blunt [1840-1922] was an English gentleman who followed the leisurely pursuits available to affluent members of Victorian society, i.e, travelling and poetry. His travels in the Middle East made a powerful impression on his intellectual and emotional sensibilities. As E.M. Forster wrote in his essay on Blunt, he ‘was drawn to Islam, and at one time thought of professing it.’1 He was, no doubt, in sympathy with the subjugated peoples of the Middle East and with the Indians of South Asia who were groaning under the colonial yoke. Further in the essay, Forster writes, ‘Egyptians found him too proTurkish and Indians too anti-British.’2 This attitude was unique for a stolid Englishman of the time of the ‘highnoon of Empire’. Blunt feared the advance of European powers in Oriental lands. Forster further writes: ‘His detachment is amazing. He dreaded a war because it must involve Asia and Africa, and complete the enslavement of the conservative Oriental nations, whom he loved and who loved him……
While many problems have besieged the education of girls over the years, one problem has plagued the various governments of Pakistan: getting girls to finish secondary school. Although in Pakistan all governments stipulate policies and envisage plans to provide schooling to all young people, the problem of dropping out appears to be increasing among girls. The focus of this study was to explore some ways in which the retention rate of girls in school may be maximized. However, in order to provide any measures through which this might be done, it was necessary to find out some of the reasons why girls drop out of school. Therefore, in the first instance, the study sought to investigate the factors which made it difficult or impossible for girls to complete secondary school. Different communities in Karachi were selected for this study. Because much of the previous research on female education has been focused on the rural areas of Pakistan, this study was carried out in Karachi, one of the largest cities of Pakistan. The factors which the research identified in connection with girls leaving school before completion included the following: 1. Socio-economic reasons 2. Early marriage 3. An irrelevant curriculum 4. The negative attitude of teachers The study also revealed that women have limited accessibility to education due to certain subtle, obvious or else concealed discrimination against them. In the light of the findings of this study various measures have been recommended for implementation in order to improve the retention rate of girls in school.