ڈیجیٹل بچے
محمد علی صدیقی
"انٹرنیٹ اور موبائیل نے نوجوان نسل کو کہاں پہنچا دیا ہے سمجھ میں نہیں آتا۔ آنے والا کل نہ جانے کیسا ہو۔!!۔" مینیجنگ کمیٹی کے صدر نے فکرمند لہجے میں کہا۔
"اتنی مایوسی ٹھیک نہی" میں نے کہا۔
میں کچھ اور بھی کہنے والا تھا کہ ایک ٹیچر درجہ چہارم کی ایک بچی کو لے کر آفس میں داخل ہوئیں اور بولیں
"سر یہ آپ سے کچھ کہنا چاہتی ہے۔"
"ہاں۔ کہو" میں نے ان کی طرف متوجہ ہوتے ہوئے کہا۔
"سر۔۔۔ کلاس میں ایک لڑکا مجھے بھابھی بلاتا ہے۔"
وہ اپنی مسکراہٹ چھپانے کی ناکام کوشش کر رہی تھی۔ مجھے کچھ عجیب سا لگا۔ میں نے اس بچے کو بلا کر وارننگ دی اور ٹیچر سے کہا
"آپ لوگ یہ شکایتیں خود ہی سن لیا کریں۔ آفس میں نہ لایا کریں۔"
"ہم تو سنتے ہی رہتے ہیں سر۔ میں نے سوچا کہ آج آپ بھی سن لیں" ٹیچر نے تھکے ہوئے لہجے میں کہا، " کل کے۔جی کا ایک بچہ اپنے ساتھ بیٹھی بچی سے پوچھ رہا تھا کہ کیا وہ اس سے پیار کرتی ہے۔ بچی کی شکایت پر میں نے ان دونوں کو الگ الگ بٹھا دیا لیکن کچھ ہی دیر بعد دونوں پھر ایک ساتھ بیٹھے باتیں کرتے نظر آئے۔"
میں نے ٹیچر کو جانے کا اشارہ کیا اور صدر کی طرف دیکھا۔ ان کے چہرے پر ایک معنی خیز مسکراہٹ کھیل رہی تھی۔
The paper examines the dynamics of The Gambian National Youth Service Scheme (NYSS) founded in 1996 through the efforts of Nigeria’s National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) Scheme. Though modeled after the NYSC, it has ventured into things NYSC has not. One of these was its most recent partnership with the IOM to curb recurrent illicit migration of The Gambian youths. The questions are, has this aspect of Nigeria-The Gambia history been documented? Has Nigerian Scheme gone into partnership with the IOM in the enterprise like The Gambian counterpart? Since its establishment, how many times has NYSC adjusted to changing realities? In what theoretical contexts could one frame the argument of the NYSS/ IOM partnership and what lessons does that holds for NYSC and similar youths’ services in Africa in the century? In addressing the problem, the paper adopts the qualitative method of historical research and gleans on evidence from diverse sources. It foregrounds its argument on the ideas of the National Youth Service as “Moral Equivalent of War”, “Service- Learning” and “A Way of Strengthening Ties among the People of the World” espoused by William James, John Dewey, and Rosenstock-Huessy. It concludes by charging NYSC and similar services to adjust to meet the current challenges of African youth and society
Allelochemicals may have concentration dependent influence on plant growth. At low concentration these chemicals promote the plant growth and may suppress the same when applied at higher concentration. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth promotery potential of sorghum, rice, maize and moringa water extracts. In the laboratory trials, application rate and frequency of sorghum, rice and maize water extracts (fresh and boiled) at different concentrations (100, 50, 25, 10, 5, and 3%) were evaluated and optimized for growth promotion of maize. Fresh and boiled extracts of sorghum, maize and rice were foliar applied alone and in combination with each other and along with moringa leaf extract (3%) at 30 and 50 days after sowing (DAS). Lower concentrations (3%) of sorghum, rice and maize plant water extracts promoted the seedling growth and seedling dry weights as compared to higher concentrations (25, 50 and 100%). In field experiments, combined application of fresh sorghum and moringa water extract (3%) increased the grain yield by 34-35% over control; whereas application of boiled plant extracts provided 35-38% improvement in grain yield over control from the combined application of boiled sorghum and maize water extracts at 3%. Moreover, marginal analysis of field experiments indicated that application of sorghum water extract (SWE) alone and combined application of rice and sorghum plant extracts had more marginal rate of return; nonetheless, application of fresh extracts had more marginal rate of return in this regard. In conclusion, application of allelopathic plant water extracts at lower concentrations (3%) alone and in combination improved the growth and productivity of maize. However, fresh water extracts alone or in combination may be preferred.