Exploring the Role of Female Successor “Amrah Bint Abd Al-Raḥmān” in Narration of Prophetic Traditions

Although several studies have investigated the contribution of Muslim women about their lives and works in large corpus of the ḥadīth sciences until now, but much are needed to be explored. Doubtlessly 'Amrah bint 'Abd al-Raḥmān had contributed to the large corpus of the ḥadīth sciences and also the core of Islamic knowledge parallel to her male counterparts. By highlighting her efforts for learning and her struggle for transmission of fundamental text, reveals how a female successor acquired exemplary reputations in her era. Particularly, her rich insight, deep knowledge in ḥadīth sciences and exemplary piety attracted students and placed parallel to her male counterparts in Islamic knowledge of her time. In sum, this study not merely sheds light upon the prolific contribution of an eminent female successor 'Amrah bint 'Abd al-Raḥmān in ḥadīth narrations, but argues that these scholarly females should be given more credit for being interacting educators and not just transmitters. Doubtlewssly, the study would be helpful to revise our understandings of Islamic knowledge during early period of Islam regarding gendered dynamics and their great contribution to dissemination and transmission of classical text and Islamic knowledge.

Genetic Diversity Analysisof Catla Catla Thaila Fish Collected from Rivers Indus and Chenab Using Microsatellite Dna Marker

Genetic investigation in fish population is usefull not only to find changes in genetics of species but also to improve management and stock program. Changes in genetics may be either by mutagens or by evolution. Genetic based discrimination among fishes or any other organism by using molecular markers goes back to about 3 decades. Microsatellite markers owing to great variability, supreme divergency and co dominant capacity are widely used in genetic studies. Genetic diversity of Catla catla (Thaila fish) from various sites of two rivers Indus and Chenab (Pakistan) was determined by using 11 single sequence repeat (SSR) markers against 15 samples. Out of 213 loci detected 195 were polymorphic in all samples in this way mean value of polymorphism for all used markers was 91.54 %. Value of effective alleles number (NE ) ranged 1 ? 8 with average of 4.0909, allelic frequency or Shanon Information Index (I) was 0.2667 -1.0000 with mean of 0.5455. Gene diversity or Nei?s genetic diversity (HE ) was 0.0000 -- 0.8356 with mean of 0.5713 while value of PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) ranged 0.0000 --0.8152 with mean of 0.5261. Maximum frequency based genetic distance was 0.9091, 0.8182 between various locality fishes of Chenab and Indus repectively. Similarly Jaccard?s similarity coefficient was 0.8182 and 0.7273 between various zone samples of Chenab and Indus respectively, and finaly phylogenetic tree analysis reflects genetic variations within and between populations of Catla catla of various zones of various rivers. This study indicates moderate genetic variations within and between Catla catla populations of various rivers and various zones of these two rivers. This genetic information is beneficient for proper administration of Catla population to maintain familial make up.