Impact of Interest Loan, Growth of Regional Gross Domestic Product, Inflation and Economic Growth on Loans at Credit Union in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

 Loans or credits offered by Kopdit credit unions are a potential source of funds that need to be developed, to help accelerate the home industry and the micro and small economies. Therefore, we want to see the impact of several conditions such as the loan interest rate, GDP per capita growth, inflation rate and economic growth. Quite a number of studies have looked at the impact of interest rates, GDP growth, inflation rates and economic growth on loans or credits to banks or banking institutions. We do not look at credit or loans from banks, but on Kopdit credit unions (CU). The results of our research show that simultaneously the loan interest rate, GDP growth, inflation rate and economic growth have a strong enough influence on loans at Credit Union Credit Unions, namely 79.2454%. Partially the variable of loan interest rate, GDP growth per capita, inflation rate affects outstanding loans, while economic growth partially has no effect on outstanding loans.

Extraction & Exploration of Zein Protein As Potential Encapsulating Material

Maize is third important cereal crop in Pakistan and is used for both feed and fodder purpose. It is a good source of protein which is not only important in the human body but also widely used in the industry. Zein is a valuable maize protein that is hydrophobic in nature. It has potential use in different industries. The objective of research was to extract and explore potential of zein as an antimicrobial agent, moisture barrier and as an encapsulating material. In present study, zein was extracted from five different indigenous maize varieties by using three different concentration of ethanol (60%, 75% and 90%). The extracted zein was characterized to check its functional properties, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. Zein is used for encapsulation of bioactive compounds and essential oils. Ginger oil was encapsulated in zein and zein/gum Arabic combination. Ginger oil has been used for many times as medicine. Its compounds are important for curing different diseases especially gastrointestinal diseases. The encapsulated material was then characterized by different analysis for structural properties and morphological properties.Controlled release of oil from nanocapsules was also determined. The encapsulated material was used in product development to evaluate its availability. The product was analyzed for different parameters and its dough rheology was also checked. It was stored for two months. All the data obtained was statistically analyzed. Agaiti-2002 was found best among these five varieties as it has higher protein and fibre content. In mineral profile zinc was found higher in this variety and zein extraction was also found maximum in this variety at all three levels of ethanol percentage and it may be due to high protein percent in this variety. The zein extracted from this variety was also higher in antioxidant potential and functional properties which included foaming properties and emulsifying properties. So Agaiti-2002 was selected for zein extraction and further analyses of zein. Zein/ ginger oil nanoparticles were produced in size 200-500nm and no structural change occur in encapsulating material during production of nanoparticles. After reconstituting lyophilized nanoparticles powder dispersions prepared at different pH which presented the steady release of ginger oil at a lower pH in minimum time. Zein and zein/gum Arabic combination used in production of bread by supplementing flour and significant improvement in physical dough characteristics and internal characteristics of bread was seen.