مولوی محبوب عالم
اس ماہ کے شذرات کا صفحہ وفات نامہ ہوا چاہتا ہے، مگر احسان فراموشی ہوگی اگر ملک کے سب سے بوڑھے صحیفۂ نگار مولوی محبوب عالم اڈیٹر پیسہ اخبار لاہور کا ماتم نہ کیا جائے، ۲۸؍ مئی کو انہوں نے اس دارِ فانی کو الوداع کہا، وہ اردو کے سب سے پہلے روزنامہ اخبار (پیسہ) کے اڈیٹر تھے، انہوں نے صرف اپنی محنت و کوشش سے سرمایہ حاصل کیا اور ملک میں تاریخ اور سیاحت ناموں کے پڑھنے کا ذوق پیدا کیا اور خود بھی یورپ اور ممالک اسلامیہ کے دوسفر کئے اور سیاحت نامے لکھے، مگر افسوس کہ اب ان کو وہ سفر پیش آیا جس کا سفرنامہ انسانوں کے ہاتھ نہیں، فرشتوں کے ہاتھ لکھتے ہیں، اس ان دیکھی منزل کے بوڑھے مسافر پر اﷲ تعالیٰ کی رحمت ہو۔
مرحوم نے ۷۴ برس کی عمر پائی۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۳۳ء)
تصحیح: منشی محبوب عالم مرحوم کے تذکرہ میں یہ لکھا گیا ہے کہ وہ اردو کے پہلے روزانہ اخبار کے بانی اور اڈیٹر تھے، اس سے مراد مسلمانوں میں تھی، یعنی اردو کے پہلے اسلامی روزانہ اخبار کے وہ بانی اور اڈیٹر تھے، اردو میں منشی نولکشور لکھنو کا اودھ اخبار ان کے اخبار سے پہلے نکلا تھا اور اب تک نکل رہا ہے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اگست ۱۹۳۳ء)
Benazir Bhutto happened to be the first constitutionally chosen female leader of any Muslim country in Modern times. She ascended to office amid the legacy of General Zia-ul-Haq’s regime and civil-military bureaucracy that prompted diverse deterrence for her governments and abstained her from the application of her constitutional power. The essence of challenges was mostly political, but the grounds that created these abysses were political and gender partiality. Based on the above discourse, this article attempts to underline the torments confronted by Benazir being the new chapter in our political society. This is the empirical account of Benazir’s twin governments grounded on the views of important politicians who sight and accompanied her in her journey of power. To ponder the reasons that refrained Benazir from having true legal authority the study is divided into the following parts: (1) Challenge and response encountered by Benazir in the first tenure of her Prime Ministership (1988-90), (2) Challenge and response encountered by Benazir in the second tenure of her Prime Ministership (1993-1996). The PPP government had made some new political strides in general, but it was persistently controlled by the army. In the first government, the brass leadership and opposition and in later government civil-military bureaucracy and opposition impaired the democratic traditions. However, amid all this Benazir succeeded to do some pragmatic politics and defying the anti-PPP mindset.
Background: Despite major advances, management of critically ill patients worldwide is associated with high mortality rates. Assessment of disease severity is crucial in the analysis of ICU mortality. Although a variety of severity of illness scoring systems have been developed for this assessment and validated across Europe and the USA, few studies exist to show support of their utilization in African countries. There is conflicting evidence regarding the most reliable severity of illness scoring system suitable for resource limited countries as their mortality predictive values differ with different populations. SOFA is already in use at the AKUHN ICU and has easily attainable variables, while MPM-III is a simple, non-laboratory test dependent scoring system. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to compare SOFA and MPM-III severity of illness scoring systems as predictors of mortality in critically ill adult patients admitted to the AKUHN ICU. Secondary objectives were to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients admitted to the AKUHN ICU, to identify factors associated with increased risk of mortality in patients admitted to the AKUHN ICU, to compare MPM-III and delta SOFA scoring systems as predictors of mortality in critically ill adult patients admitted to the AKUHN ICU and to compare SOFA and delta SOFA scoring systems as predictors of mortality in critically ill adult patients admitted to the AKUHN ICU. Primary outcome: ICU mortality Study setting: AKUHN ICU. Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Sample size: Using a formula for determining statistical difference between two areas under receiver operating characteristic curves, a sample size of 543 was used. Study population: Critically ill adult patients admitted to the AKUHN ICU between January 2015 and September 2017. Data collection and entry: The ICU admission register was used to obtain the names and medical records of patients admitted during the study period. A comprehensive review of patients’ files and the AKUHN Electronic Medical Records System (CARE®) was then conducted to extract data as per the data collection tool. MPM-III scores were calculated using an online MPM-III scoring calculator. Data was entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet to form a database. STATA software version 14.2 was used for data analysis. Results: Male patients accounted for 60% of total admissions. The most common reason for admission was respiratory failure at 33%. Medical and surgical admissions constituted 61% and 39% of the total admissions respectively. Mortality rate was 32.4%. Median LOS was 4