6. Al-An’am/The Livestock
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
06:01
All Praise and Gratitude be to Allah - the One and Only God,
WHO created without a precedent the celestial realm and the terrestrial world, and
made the darkness and the light.
Yet those who disbelieve ascribe other entities to their Rabb- The Lord.
06:02
It is HE WHO created you from clay,
and then decreed a span of lifetime for each one of you –
while another span of Time is appointed for the Final Judgment by HIM as well.
Yet despite that, you continue to doubt about it.
06:03
And HE is Allah in the celestial realm and also in the terrestrial world.
HE Knows exactly whatever you hide in your hearts and also whatever you utter publicly, and
HE also Knows whatever you are earning of good and evil – deeds, speech, and dealings.
06:04
a. Yet despite that not a Message comes to them with Messages from their Rabb - The Lord
without their turning away from it in denial.
06:05
And they have willfully and persistently belied the Truth – The Qur’an - when it came to them -
but soon will come to them the news of that which they have been ridiculing and mocking.
06:06
Do they not see in their travels as they pass by the ancient archaeological sites how many generations WE punished and destroyed before them?
WE had firmly established them in the land in a way WE have not established you.
And WE poured upon them plentiful rain from the...
In order to get a vivid picture of Pakistan-Iran relations, the paper delves into the past with Iranian history and Iranian sphere of influence in South Asia. Both South Asia and Iran have ancient historical, cultural and religious ties since the times of the Cyrus the Great to the present. The Persian language and literature particularly the Persian classical poetry have left a great impression on sub-continent’s cultural and educational canvass. Pakistan-Iran border which was drawn by the British in the 1880s, remains still intact. Though the border is a wasteland with little agriculture but on the sea-front both the countries have access to the Strait of Hormuz which is of great strategic importance. Moreover, ethnic Baloch live on both sides of the border and crossborder and trade and livestock is the mainstay of cross-border economy. During the Cold War period, both Pakistan and Iran were subservient to the US policies against the Soviet Union; consequently, both received massive arms and equipment. This paper also indicates that during Mohammed Reza Shah’s time, the relations between Pakistan and Iran were quite friendly but they underwent a change after the Iranian revolution and during General Zia’s time. The main issues have been spelled out up-till 1979 and the minor frictions between the two countries could be managed through diplomacy. External pressures are also influencing the contemporary relations between the two countries and have put Pakistan in a dilemma. Historical and secondary sources have been used for the conduct of the study. Historical research has an important role to play in the Social Sciences. It helps us to understand the present by highlighting the past events.
The effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation in practical diet of Labeo rohita fingerlings was experimentally evaluated in this study. The study was conducted in three feeding trials which lasted 60 days each. The basal diet was same for all feeding trials. In the first feeding trial, two adequate levels (100, 150 mg/kg) and two high levels (1000, 1500 mg/kg) of vitamin E with a control level (0 mg/kg) were fed in a completely randomized design (CRD). In the second trial, two levels of lipids (8 and 16%) and three levels of vitamin E (0, 100, 1000 mg/kg) were supplemented in a 2×3 factorial arrangement. In the third feeding trial, three levels of oil oxidation (11.7, 56.3, 111.5 meq/kg) and dietary vitamin E (0, 100, 1000 mg/kg) were used in an 3×3 factorial arrangement. Adequate levels of dietary vitamin E increased growth performance of Labeo rohita when compared to the high levels of vitamin E. Also supplementation of vitamin E linearly increased the liver and muscle α-tocopherol level. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased with adequate vitamin E supplementation, which increased proportionately with increase in vitamin E concentrations. The percentages of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were higher in vitamin E supplemented diets than control. In the second feeding trial, fish fed the 16% lipid diets showed significantly higher growth than fish fed the 8% lipid diets. Increasing the dietary supplemental levels of fish oil decreased (p<0.05) the liver α-tocopherol content, but had no effect on muscle α-tocopherol level. The TBARS and antioxidant enzyme activities increased with increasing dietary fat levels. The PUFA percentages increased significantly with increased levels of dietary fish oil. In third feeding trial, growth of fish fed fresh fish oil and low oil oxidation level were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish fed highly oxidized oil. Among highly oxidized oil (111.5 meq/kg) containing treatments, fish feeding on 1000 mg/kg vitamin E showed better growth performance. Oil oxidation caused a significant reduction in the concentrations of α-tocopherol in fish liver and muscles. Ingestion of oxidized oil resulted in higher TBARS levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and muscular PUFA, in particular, DHA while dietary vitamin E supplementation abrogated these effects. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation reduced the lipid peroxidation, enhanced the growth performance and improved the meat quality of L. rohita fingerlings irrespective of the level and quality of fish oil; however, the required level of vitamin varied depending upon dietary level of fish oil and level of oil oxidation